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ADHD

Homework Tips for Parents to Teens—ADHD Toolkit

Identifying Where Problems Begin and Solutions for Improvement, Strategies for Helping Your Child. Need more information? Contact CHADD at www.chadd.org English Español

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Use of Psychostimulant Medication: Tips for Parents—ADHD Toolkit

Help your teen be responsible with medication. English Español

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English Español

Why Am I Having So Much Trouble With School?—ADHD Toolkit

It is very common to have difficulties in school if you have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). English Español

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Why Is My Child Having Trouble in School?—ADHD Toolkit

It is very common for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to have difficulties in school. These problems can occur for several reasons. English Español

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ADHD Basic Facts: What Every Parent Should Know Before Starting a Child on Medication—ADHD Toolkit

Datos básicos sobre el TDAH: Lo que todo padre tiene que saber antes de que su hijo comience a tomar medicamentos—ADHD Toolkit

Studies have shown that medication is effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD alone or in combination with behavioral interventions. English Español

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ADHD—What Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

TDAH—¿Qué es el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Behavior management skills that can be included in a Care Plan include English Español

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ADHD—What Are the Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

TDAH—¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Children with ADHD have symptoms that fall into 3 groups: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. English Español

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ADHD—How Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosed?

TDAH—¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Your child’s or teen’s doctor will determine whether your child or teen has ADHD by using standard guidelines developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics specifically for children, teens, and young adults 4 to 18 years of age. It is difficult to diagnose ADHD in children younger than 4 years. English Español

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ADHD—What Causes Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and How Is It Treated?

TDAH—¿Qué causa el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y cómo se trata?

ADHD is one of the most studied conditions of childhood, and it may be caused by a number of things. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the outlook for most children who receive treatment of ADHD is encouraging. There is no specific cure for ADHD, but many treatment options are available to manage the condition. English Español

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ADHD—What is Behavioral Therapy?

TDAH—¿Qué es la terapia conductual?

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about behavioral therapy for a child with ADHD. English Español

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ADHD—What Types of Medication Reduce Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms?

TDAH—¿Qué tipo de medicamentos disminuyen los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Helping children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may mean they need medication. Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about medications for children with ADHD. English Español

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ADHD—What Are Common Questions About Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms?

TDAH—¿Cuáles son las preguntas habituales sobre los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Common questions and answers from the American Academy of Pediatrics about attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). English Español

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Behavior management skills that can be included in a Care Plan include English

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Managing Inattention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la desatención, la impulsividad y la hiperactividad: Consejos para las familias

Inattention and impulsivity are normal for young children. But by the time they’re in school, most children can pay attention for a longer time and can think and plan before they act. If your school-aged child behaves more like what you would expect from a younger child, this behavior may be a sign of a problem. English Español

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Use of Psychostimulant Medication: Tips for Teens—ADHD Toolkit

Consumo de medicamentos psicoestimulantes: Consejos para adolescentes—ADHD Toolkit

Stimulant medications are defined as controlled substances under federal and state regulations. The possession of stimulant medication without a prescription is against the law English Español

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Abdomen Or Digestive Symptoms

Encopresis - Waiting Too Long Type

Information and guidance on stool leakage (soiling) in a child who is toilet trained. English

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Gas - Excessive

Information and guidance on transient synovitis (irritation of the hip joint) in children. English

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Encopresis - Toilet Training Resistance Type

Information and guidance on encopresis due to toilet training resistance in children. English

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Encopresis - Stool Holding Type

Information and guidance on encopresis due to stool holding in children. English

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Abdominal Pain - Attention-Getting Type

Information and guidance on abdominal pain in children. English

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Nausea - Stress Related

Information and guidance on stress-related nausea in children. English

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Adolescents

Acne—How to Treat and Control It

Acné: Cómo tratarlo y controlarlo (Acne–How to Treat and Control It)

Almost all teens get zits at one time or another. It's called acne. Whether your case is mild or severe, there are things you can do to keep it under control. Read on to find out how. English Español

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Building Strong Bones: Why Calcium Counts

El calcio y tú

As you grow, you need calcium to build strong bones and a healthy body. Getting plenty of calcium while you are young also makes your bones strong and keeps them strong for your entire lifetime. English Español

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Connecting With your Community

English

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Deciding to Wait

Decidirse a esperar (Deciding to Wait)

No matter what you've heard, read, or seen, not everyone your age is having sex, including oral sex and intercourse. In fact, more than half of all teens choose to wait until they're older to have sex. If you have already had sex but are unsure if you should again, then wait before having sex again. English Español

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Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia

Trastornos Alimentarios: Anorexia y Bulimia (Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia)

The 2 most well-known eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Anorexia is self-starvation. Bulimia is a disorder in which a person eats large amounts of food (binges) and then tries to undo the effects of the binge in some way, usually by ridding the body of the food that was eaten. English Español

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Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships

Respeta y hazte respetar: una relación sana (Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships)

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For Today's Teens: A Message From Your Pediatrician

Controles de adolescentes: Un mensaje de tu pediatra

Now that you are getting older, you have different health needs than you did when you were younger. However, your pediatrician is still there to help you stay healthy. English Español

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Gambling and Teens: What You Need to Know

Juegos de azar: Una emoción peligrosa (Gambling: Not a Safe Thrill)

Many Americans gamble for fun. However, for young people, gambling may become a serious addiction. The chances of a young gambler getting "hooked" are far greater than those of an adult. English Español

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Get Fit, Stay Healthy

Ponte en forma, mantén tu salud (Get Fit, Stay Healthy)

Any type of regular physical activity can improve your fitness and your health—even walking, taking the stairs, or mowing the lawn. The most important thing is that you keep moving! English Español

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Health Care for College Students

Asistencia médica para estudiantes universitarios (Health Care For College Students)

College is filled with many opportunities to learn and experience life. You'll be responsible for making your own choices, including choices about your health. Following is important information to help you stay healthy and safe on your new journey. English Español

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Help Stop Teenage Suicide

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Headaches: What Teens Need to Know

Dolores de cabeza: Lo que los adolescentes deben saber (Headaches: What Teens Need to Know)

A lot of teens do. In fact, 50% to 75% of all teens report having at least one headache per month! English Español

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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Teens: Information for Parents

Adolescentes lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y transgénero (LGBT): Información para los padres

It is important for parents of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) teens to remember that each child is unique and will have their own experiences and feelings. “Coming out” is a lifelong journey of understanding, acknowledging, and sharing one’s gender identity or sexual orientation with others. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents support their teen’s journey. English Español

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Managing Depression or Sadness: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la depresión o la tristeza: Consejos para las familias

Children experience depression differently than adults. Your child may not be able to tell you they are feeling sad, and they may not even feel sad at all. Instead, you may notice your child seems irritable, frustrated, restless, discouraged, or tired. These are some other common signs of depression in children. English Español

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Managing Inattention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la desatención, la impulsividad y la hiperactividad: Consejos para las familias

Inattention and impulsivity are normal for young children. But by the time they’re in school, most children can pay attention for a longer time and can think and plan before they act. If your school-aged child behaves more like what you would expect from a younger child, this behavior may be a sign of a problem. English Español

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Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students

Enfermedad meningocócica: información para adolescentes y estudiantes universitarios (Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students)

Certain teens and young adults have a higher risk of getting meningococcal disease. College students, especially freshmen who live in dorms and military recruits, are at an increased risk compared with others in this age group. It's important to know how to protect yourself because meningococcal disease can be deadly. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about this serious illness, safe and effective vaccines, and how to stay healthy. English Español

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A Message to Parents of Teen Drivers

Un mensaje para los padres de adolescentes que empiezan a conducir autos (A Message to Parents of Teen Drivers)

Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death for teens and young adults. More than 5,500 young people die every year in car crashes and thousands more are injured. Parents can play an important role in reducing these numbers and keeping their teens alive. English Español

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Next Stop Adulthood: Tips for Parents

Parents need to give up much of the control over many of their young adult's decisions. But parents still worry about their child's safety, health, and success. This is where you need to trust the job you have done as a parent. English

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A Parent's Guide to Teen Parties

Guía para los padres sobre fiestas de adolescentes (A Parent's Guide to Teen Parties)

As a parent, you know the importance of your teen's social life and that parties are a way to socialize and relax. But an unsupervised or poorly planned party can result in unwanted or even tragic consequences. However, parental responsibility is the key to a fun and safe party. English Español

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Your First Pelvic Exam

Tu primer examen pélvico

Pelvic exams are an important way to take care of your health. You should get a pelvic exam if you have ever had sex (even one time) or are having any problems with your periods. English Español

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Puberty:Ready or Not Expect Some Big Changes

Pubertad: estén preparados o no, llegarán grandes cambios

Everyone goes through puberty but not always at the same time or in the same way. It is when your body starts changing from that of a child to that of an adult. In general, here’s what you can expect. English Español

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Safe Driving…A Parent's Responsibility

English

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Staying Cool When Things Heat Up

Anger is normal. It is natural to feel this way when you or someone you care about has been treated badly. It's up to us to decide how to act when we get angry. English

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Steroid Use: What Teens Need to Know

Los esteroides: Juega a lo seguro, juega limpio (Steroids: Play Safe, Play Fair)

You’re an athlete. You play to win. You’re always looking for a way to get an edge over your opponents. Steroids and performance enhancers aren’t the answer. The best athletes rely on practice and hard work. Here is information from your doctor to help you stay healthy. English Español

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Stressed? Read This.

¿tienes mucho estrés? lee esto. (Stressed? Read This.)

Even though stress makes us feel uncomfortable, it's not always a bad thing. Sometimes stress can really help us deal with tough situations. A lot of stress changes our bodies quickly and helps us react to an emergency. A little stress keeps us alert and helps us work harder. English Español

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Suicide Prevention: Safety Plan

Prevención del suicidio: Plan de seguridad

f your child is feeling depressed and having suicidal thoughts, help your child create a safety plan. English Español

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Suicide Prevention: Signs and Safety Planning

Prevención del suicidio: Señales y planificación de seguridad

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for 10- to 24-year-olds. Parents can help protect their children by being aware of risk factors and warning signs and talking with their child. English Español

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Talking With Your Teen About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo o hija adolescente

Children are exposed to sexual messages every day—on TV, on the Internet, in movies, in magazines, and in music. Sex in the media is so common that you might think that teens today already know all they need to about sex. They may even claim to know it all, so sex is something you just don't talk about. Unfortunately, only a small amount of what is seen in the media shows responsible sexual behavior or gives correct information. English Español

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Talking With Your Teen: Tips for Parents

Talking with your teen is one of the most important things you can do to help keep your child safe. English

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Tattooing and Body Piercing

Tatuajes y perforaciones en el cuerpo (Tattooing and Body Piercing)

Teens get tattoos or body parts pierced for different reasons. Most teens get a tattoo or body piercing because they like the way it looks or to express themselves. Some get a tattoo or piercing to feel like part of a group. In some states and cities, you need to be 18 or have a parent's permission to get a piercing or tattoo. English Español

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Teen Dating Violence: Tips for Parents

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Teen Suicide and Guns

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Home Drug Testing: What Parents Need to Know

Prueba casera de detección de drogas: lo que los padres deben saber (Home Drug Testing: What Parents Need to Know )

Remember that your teen’s doctor can help assess whether your teen has a drug problem and a laboratory test is not always needed. However, if a drug test is recommended, your teen should know about it. The American Academy of Pediatrics opposes drug tests without a teen’s knowledge and consent. English Español

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Navigating the Teen Years: Tips for Parents

Consejos para padres de adolescentes (Tips for Parents of Adolescents)

Most importantly, let your teen know that he or she can talk with you and his or her doctor about dating and relationships. Offer your guidance throughout this important stage in your teen's life. English Español

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Tips for Parents of Adolescents: Common Concerns

Consejos para padres de adolescentes: Preocupaciones communes

Most importantly, let your teen know that he or she can talk with you and his or her doctor about dating and relationships. Offer your guidance throughout this important stage in your teen's life. English Español

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Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

El tabaco: Charla directa con los adolescentes (Tobacco: Straight Talk For Teens)

Did you know that about 80% of teens in the United States don't smoke? They've made a healthy choice. English Español

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Your Family's Mental Health: 10 Ways to Improve Mood Naturally

La salud mental de su familia: 10 modos de mejorar el estado de ánimo naturalmente (Your Family's Mental Health: 10 Ways to Improve Mood Naturally)

Great physical health is characterized by strength, flexibility, comfort, energy, endurance, and coordination. Similarly, great mental health includes feeling cheerful, hopeful, confident, resilient, adaptable, and connected to the people and world around us. Developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the foundation for physical and mental health. English Español

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Arm Or Leg Symptoms

Fingernail Injury

Information and guidance on injury to a fingernail. English

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English

Knee Injury

Information and guidance on injury to a knee. English

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Ankle Injury

Information and guidance on ankle injury in children. English

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Foot Injury

Information and guidance on foot injury in children. English

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English

Hip Injury

Information and guidance on hip injury in children. English

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English

Transient Synovitis of the Hip

Information and guidance on transient synovitis (irritation of the hip joint) in children. English

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English

Leg Pain - Attention-Getting Type

Information and guidance on leg pain in children. English

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English

Autism Spectrum Disorder

ASD—What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

TEA—¿Qué es el trastorno del espectro autista?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurologically based disability that affects a child’s social skills, communication, and behavior. English Español

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ASD—What Are the Early Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

TEA—¿Cuáles son los signos tempranos del trastorno del espectro autista?

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may show developmental differences throughout their infancy, especially in social and language skills. English Español

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ASD—What Causes Autism Spectrum Disorder?

TEA—¿Qué causa el trastorno del espectro autista?

Many factors may lead to symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). If a family already has a child diagnosed as having ASD, the chance that a sibling might also have ASD is 10 to 20 times higher than in the general population. English Español

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ASD—How Is Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosed?

TEA—¿Cómo se realiza el diagnóstico?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex, and symptoms are different for each child. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how ASD is diagnosed. English Español

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ASD—Effective Education Programs and Public Programs

TEA—Programas de educación y programas públicos eficaces

Many different strategies and techniques help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) learn to interact with others and acquire new skills that may help them talk, play, participate in school, and care for their needs. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about educational and public supports and services for children with ASD. English Español

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ASD—Joint Attention Skills

TEA—Destrezas de atención conjunta

How can we help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) learn important social skills? Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about learning joint attention skills in 4 stages. English Español

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ASD—Developmental and Behavioral Interventions

TEA—Intervenciones del desarrollo y del comportamiento

Developmental and behavioral interventions are interrelated and are the mainstay for educating and supporting people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about these interventions. English Español

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ASD—Communication, Social Skills, and Sensory Motor Interventions

TEA—Intervenciones para la comunicación, las destrezas sociales y sensoriomotoras

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties navigating everyday situations. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about communication, social, and sensory interventions. English Español

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ASD—About Medications and Integrative, Complementary, and Alternative Medicine Treatments

TEA—Acerca de los medicamentos y los tratamientos integrativos, complementarios y alternativos

Treating children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often involves a comprehensive program that addresses the education, development, and behavior of the child. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about the different treatments for ASD including medications and alternative treatments. English Español

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ASD—Family Support and Support in School

TEA—Apoyo familiar y apoyo escolar

Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience stress before, during, and after a diagnosis. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about support available for families of children with ASD. English Español

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ASD—Teen and Adult Years

TEA—Inquietudes especiales durante la adolescencia y la adultez

Teens and adults living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have special concerns. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about improving the quality of life for teens and adults with ASD. English Español

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Answers About Complementary and Integrative Medicine—Autism Toolkit

Respuestas sobre medicina complementaria e integrativa

Complementary medicine refers to practices that are used in addition to the educational, behavioral, and medical interventions recommended by your child’s pediatrician and schools. Alternative medicine refers to treatments that are used in place of the recommendations of your child’s pediatrician. When traditional and complementary practices are used together, it is often called integrative medicine. CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) is another way of saying complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) treatments. English Español

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Behavior Challenges—Autism Toolkit

Desafíos de comportamiento

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have a hard time relating to and communicating with other people. They may try to communicate through their behaviors. For example, children with ASD may have a hard time telling their parents that they do not want to do an activity that parents want them to. They may then throw a tantrum from frustration instead of using words. English Español

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Discussing the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder With Your Child—Autism Toolkit

Cómo hablar del diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista con su hijo

As your child gets older, she may read reports or hear the word autism in reference to her. Some children are aware of their diagnosis, but some are not aware, and the parents may worry that their children will become upset when they find out they have autism. This is a valid concern, and it is better if your child is told about his diagnosis by you in a safe and supportive environment rather than on paper or through conversations with others. English Español

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Early Intervention Services—Autism Toolkit

Servicios de intervención temprana

Children learn by watching, imitating, and playing with others. Young children with signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often do not have some of these skills, and they need to learn them. The goal of early intervention (EI) is to help young children gain skills and to teach families some specific ways to meet their child’s needs. It is important to get help for your child as soon as possible. The earlier a child begins EI, the better the outcome can be. English Español

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Financial Assistance—Autism Toolkit

Ayuda económica

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are able to get support from programs funded through their state or county. Some examples are financial help, education support, medical care, job skills training, and residential or living services. Some supports are available to all children because of federal laws, such as a free public education, including special education if needed. Other public benefits are based on need, such as financial or how serious the disability is. Most children with ASD, especially those who also have intellectual disability, will qualify for these benefits. English Español

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Gastrointestinal Problems—Autism Toolkit

Problemas gastrointestinales

Gastrointestinal (GI) problems include constipation, diarrhea, reflux, vomiting, belly pain, and feeding problems. Some children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have GI problems. These symptoms can add stress to the child and family and may cause behaviors such as aggression or self-injury. English Español

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Inclusion in School—Autism Toolkit

Inclusión escolar

Inclusion in school means students with disabilities learn and participate alongside their peers without disabilities. Inclusion may look different for each student. It should be guided by student needs and include supports, if needed, to promote success. Inclusion is not just about education in the classroom. It includes chances to be part of activities before, during, and after school with nondisabled peers. This may include clubs, committees, or sports teams. It is important to focus on the needs of the student and encourage inclusive chances in which she can be successful. English Español

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Intervention Approaches Used for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder—Autism Toolkit

Enfoques de intervención utilizados para niños con trastorno del espectro autista

If you have concerns about your child’s development and behavior, your child should be seen to tell if she needs therapy. You do not need a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to begin many kinds of therapy. There can be a long wait for ASD diagnosis, so it is important to start therapy while your child is still waiting for a diagnosis. However, once your child is diagnosed with ASD, she may be able to get more interventions, such as applied behavioral analysis (ABA). It is important to have your child seen by an ASD specialist even if your child is already receiving intervention. English Español

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Laboratory Tests—Autism Toolkit

Análisis de laboratorio

All children have some laboratory tests at birth and as part of regular checkups. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often need more tests. These tests can help find the cause of the condition or problems related to it that may not be obvious. This helps guide your child’s doctor in treating your child best. English Español

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Nutrition and Eating Problems—Autism Toolkit

La nutrición y los problemas de alimentación

Eating problems are common in children. In children with ASD, the problems may be more serious and last longer because of problems with taste, texture, or smell. They may be the result of learned behaviors. English Español

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School-Based Services—Autism Toolkit

Servicios escolares

There are different levels of intervention that a teacher and school can provide to your child: (1) Informal plan. (2) Response to intervention (RTI). (3) Section 504 plan. (4) Individualized Education Program (IEP). English Español

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Seizures and Epilepsy—Autism Toolkit

Convulsiones y epilepsia

About 1 in 4 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has seizures. Seizures usually start in early childhood or the early teen years. Children with ASD who have a lower IQ or cannot speak have the highest risk for seizures. Epilepsy is defined as 2 or more seizures when the child does not have a fever or another medical reason for the seizure. English Español

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Sibling Support—Autism Toolkit

Apoyo para los hermanos

Siblings might ask about autism if they’ve heard you use the term, but they’re more likely to ask about what their brother or sister is doing (ie, behaviors). There is no “perfect time” for these conversations, but starting early and revising your description for age appropriateness can be very helpful. English Español

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Sleep Problems—Autism Toolkit

Problemas para dormir

Sleep problems are common in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One-half to one-third of children with ASD have sleep problems. English Español

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Talking About Sexuality for Parents of Teens With Autism Spectrum Disorder—Autism Toolkit

Cómo hablar sobre sexualidad - para padres de adolescentes con trastornos del espectro autista

All children and teens, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have questions about physical changes in their bodies, emotions, and feelings during and after puberty. It is important to help children and teens understand these changes by talking with them early and often about puberty and sexuality. English Español

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Teaching Social Skills—Autism Toolkit

La enseñanza de destrezas sociales

Having a hard time socializing is one of the key features in children witdh autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD can have difficulty with many social skills. English Español

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The Medical Home for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder—Autism Toolkit

El hogar médico para niños con trastorno del espectro autista

Parents, pediatricians, and other health care professionals are encouraged to work together so that all of the needs of children and youths are met. This partnership is at the core of what the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) calls a medical home. The medical home is not a physical place but rather a way of giving a child comprehensive and compassionate primary care. A medical home helps coordinate the medical care and other services your child needs into a single plan for your child’s health. English Español

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Toilet Training—Autism Toolkit

Aprender a ir al baño

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have slowed development, may be stuck on their own routines, or may be nervous about learning a new skill. They may not understand how to copy the steps using the toilet, or they may not understand the words parents are using. Many children with ASD may toilet train at a later age than typically developing children. English Español

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Vaccines—Autism Toolkit

Vacunas

Scientific studies show that many different genes work together with things in the environment to put a child at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Scientific studies do not show that vaccines cause ASD. English Español

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English Español

Visiting the Doctor—Autism Toolkit

La visita al médico

Going to the doctor can be stressful for any child. For a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there may be extra challenges because of sensory, communication, and other symptoms. Here are some tips to help make visiting the doctor easier. English Español

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English Español

Wandering Off (Elopement)—Autism Toolkit

Alejarse en forma errante (deambular)

Research shows that about 1 in 3 young children with ASD has tried to wander off. This behavior may continue to happen in older children and even teenagers and adults with ASD. This is concerning since many people with ASD may not be able to share their names, addresses, or phone numbers if they get lost. English Español

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English Español

Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?

¿Se comunica su niño pequeño con usted? (Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?)

Your baby is able to communicate with you long before he or she speaks a single word! A baby's cry, smile, and responses to you help you to understand his or her needs. In this publication the American Academy of Pediatrics shares information about how children communicate and what to do when there are concerns about delays in development. English Español

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English Español

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities caused by a problem with the brain. Children with ASDs have trouble in 3 core areas of their development. English

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English

Your Child and Medications—Autism Toolkit

Los medicamentos y su hijo

While medications will not change your child’s autism spectrum disorder (ASD), they can be helpful when added to other treatments to help your child’s development and learning. English Español

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English Español

Behavior Problems

Nail Biting Habit

Information and guidance on nail biting habit. English

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English

Nose Picking Habit

Information and guidance on nose picking habit. English

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English

Scab Picking Habit

Information and guidance on scab picking habit. English

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English

Thumb Sucking Habit

Information and guidance on thumb sucking habit. English

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English

Stool Smearing

Information and guidance on what to do when a child wipes stool (poop) on objects or surfaces such as their bed or walls. English

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English

Developmental Stimulation - Infants and Toddlers

Information and guidance on developmental stimulation for infants and toddlers. English

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English

Homework Problems - What To Do

Information and guidance on what to do when child is having homework problems. English

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English

Schoolwork Success - How To Encourage

Information and guidance on how to encourage schoolwork success for children in first grade or higher. English

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English

Media Violence - Protecting Your Child

Information and guidance on how to reduce exposure to media violence. English

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English

Behavior Symptoms

Self-Harm

Information and guidance on self-harm in children. English

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English

Behavioral And Psychosocial Issues

Activities to Help Your Child or Adolescent Manage Anxiety—Mental Health Toolkit

Actividades para ayudar a su niño o adolescente a manejar la ansiedad

A certain level of anxiety is typical in some circumstances, such as new situations (and high-stakes testing of adolescents), and naturally protects against real dangers. However, anxiety can sometimes keep young people from activities that are important to their development. It is important to help children cope with their fears instead of avoiding the things that make them fearful. English Español

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English Español

Alcohol and Your Child: What Parents Need to Know

El alcohol: Su hijo y las drogas: (Alcohol and Your Child: What Parents Need to Know)

One of the most abused drugs in our society is alcohol. It's also a drug that many people start using at very young ages. Though it's illegal for people younger than 21 years to drink, many children are introduced to alcohol well before they reach that age. The earlier they begin using alcohol, the higher the risk they will have problems with it later in life. This publication by the American Academy of Pediatrics helps parents understand the dangers of alcohol and how to prevent alcohol use. English Español

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English Español

Depression in Children and Adolescents: Treatment

Depresión en niños y adolescentes: Tratamient

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how depression is treated in children and adolescents. English Español

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English Español

Depression in Children and Adolescents: Types and Signs

Depresión en niños y adolescentes: tipos y signos

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about depression and what to do if your child seems depressed. English Español

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English Español

Guidelines for Special Time and Time In—Mental Health Toolkit

Pautas para el tiempo especial y el tiempo adentro

“Special time” or “time in” is one-on-one time shared by a child or adolescent and a parent or caregiver. It demonstrates the parent’s or caregiver’s enjoyment of spending time together and offers a break from any tensions or caregiver demands, including those resulting from a child’s or teen’s difficult behaviors. English Español

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English Español

Bedwetting

Enuresis nocturna

Bedwetting is not a serious medical condition, but it can be a challenging problem for children and parents. Read on to find out more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bedwetting and what can be done about it. English Español

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English Español

Behavioral Intervention Resources for Parents—ADHD Toolkit

Recursos de intervención conductual para padres—ADHD Toolkit

As a parent, you can learn to be more confident and consistent in your interactions with your child. This can help your child with a personal understanding of—and strategies for managing—his or her behaviors, at home and beyond. Here are some evidence-based parent training programs that have been shown to be effective. English Español

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English Español

Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use

Más allá del tiempo frente a la pantalla: Guía para padres sobre el uso de medios (Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use)

While family is the most important influence in a child’s life, media in all its forms, including TV, computers, and other screens, are not far behind. Because media can influence how children think, feel, and behave, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) encourages parents to help their children form healthy media use habits early on. Read on for information about steps you can take to encourage healthy media use habits and to learn more about media messages and TV ratings. English Español

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English Español

Bullying: It's Not OK

CONNECTED KIDS: Bullying is when one child picks on another child again and again. Usually children who are being bullied are either weaker or smaller, are shy, and generally feel helpless. Bullying most commonly takes place at school, when adults are not watching, or through email or instant messages. Whether your child is the one being bullied, doing the bullying, or simply a bystander, there are a number of measures you can take as a parent to improve their social skills and decrease their involvement in this detrimental practice. English

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English

Child Sexual Abuse

Abuso sexual de niños (Child Sexual Abuse)

Sexual abuse of children is more common than most people think. About 1 out of 5 girls and 1 out of 10 boys will be sexually abused during their childhood. Parents can take steps to help prevent and recognize sexual abuse in children. English Español

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English Español

Cyberbullying: What Parents Need to Know

Acoso cibernético: lo que los padres deben saber

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about cyberbullying and what parents can do to keep online socializing healthy for their children. English Español

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English Español

Deciding to Wait

Decidirse a esperar (Deciding to Wait)

No matter what you've heard, read, or seen, not everyone your age is having sex, including oral sex and intercourse. In fact, more than half of all teens choose to wait until they're older to have sex. If you have already had sex but are unsure if you should again, then wait before having sex again. English Español

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English Español

Discipline and Your Child

La disciplina y sus hijos (Discipline and Your Child)

As a parent, one of your jobs is to teach your child how to behave. While this can take time, try not to get frustrated when your child does not behave. Instead, learn effective ways to discipline your child. The following is guidance from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how to discipline your child. English Español

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English Español

Divorce and Children

El divorcio y los niños (Divorce and Children)

Whether married, living together, or living apart, most parents hope to remain together when they have a child. Despite those intentions, parental separation and divorce affect nearly half of American families. For many children, separation and divorce can be as difficult as the death of a parent. Children need the guidance, patience, and love of both parents to help them through. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about parenting through separation and divorce. English Español

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English Español

Drug Abuse Prevention Starts with Parents

English

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English

Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia

Trastornos Alimentarios: Anorexia y Bulimia (Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia)

The 2 most well-known eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Anorexia is self-starvation. Bulimia is a disorder in which a person eats large amounts of food (binges) and then tries to undo the effects of the binge in some way, usually by ridding the body of the food that was eaten. English Español

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English Español

Everybody Gets Mad: Helping Your Child Cope with Conflict

English

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English

Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships

Respeta y hazte respetar: una relación sana (Expect Respect: Healthy Relationships)

English Español

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English Español

Gambling and Teens: What You Need to Know

Juegos de azar: Una emoción peligrosa (Gambling: Not a Safe Thrill)

Many Americans gamble for fun. However, for young people, gambling may become a serious addiction. The chances of a young gambler getting "hooked" are far greater than those of an adult. English Español

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English Español

Help Stop Teenage Suicide

English

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English

Helping Your School-Age Child Cope With Death

By school age, children understand that death is an irreversible event. Yet even though youngsters recognize that death is something more than going to sleep for a long time, they still may have many unanswered questions that they may not verbalize: Where did grandmother go when she died? What is she feeling? Is she in pain? Why did she die? Can we ever see her again? Are you going to die too? Who will take care of me if you die? English

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English

Resilience: Helping Your Children Rise Above the Challenges of Life

Ayude a su hijo a hacerle frente a la vida (Helping Your Child Cope With Life)

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how you can help your children be more resilient. English Español

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English Español

HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know

Conozca datos concretos sobre el VIH y el SIDA

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and treatment are very effective at keeping people healthy. In addition, there are things you can do to prevent getting HIV. Read on to learn more about HIV and AIDS and how to keep you and your children healthy. English Español

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Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know

Dificultades de aprendizaje: lo que los padres deben saber (Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know)

Your child will learn many things in life—how to listen, speak, read, write, and do math. Some skills may be harder to learn than others. If your child is trying his best to learn certain skills but is not able to keep up with his peers, it’s important to find out why. Your child may have a learning disability (also known as LD). If your child has an LD, the sooner you know, the sooner you can get your child help. Your child can succeed in school, work, and relationships. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about LDs. English Español

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English Español

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Teens: Information for Parents

Adolescentes lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y transgénero (LGBT): Información para los padres

It is important for parents of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) teens to remember that each child is unique and will have their own experiences and feelings. “Coming out” is a lifelong journey of understanding, acknowledging, and sharing one’s gender identity or sexual orientation with others. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents support their teen’s journey. English Español

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Making Healthy Decisions About Sex

Cómo tomar decisiones saludables sobre el sexo(Making Healthy Decisions About Sex)

Before you decide to have sex or if you are already having sex, you need to know how to stay healthy. Even if you think you know everything you need to know about sex, take a few minutes and read on. Your doctor wants to make sure you know the facts. English Español

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English Español

Managing Anxiety: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la ansiedad: Consejos para las familias

Anxiety is another word for feeling worried or scared. If your child is feeling anxious, they may not be able to tell you. Your child may feel bad or sick without knowing why, or you may notice they seem restless or tired. English Español

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English Español

Managing Depression or Sadness: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la depresión o la tristeza: Consejos para las familias

Children experience depression differently than adults. Your child may not be able to tell you they are feeling sad, and they may not even feel sad at all. Instead, you may notice your child seems irritable, frustrated, restless, discouraged, or tired. These are some other common signs of depression in children. English Español

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Managing Disruptive or Aggressive Behaviors: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de conductas problemáticas o agresivas: Consejos para las familias

It’s normal for children of any age to get angry or break a rule once in a while. But if your child’s behaviors are causing problems at home, at school, or with friends, they may need extra support. English Español

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English Español

Managing Inattention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity: Tips for Families—Mental Health Toolkit

Manejo de la desatención, la impulsividad y la hiperactividad: Consejos para las familias

Inattention and impulsivity are normal for young children. But by the time they’re in school, most children can pay attention for a longer time and can think and plan before they act. If your school-aged child behaves more like what you would expect from a younger child, this behavior may be a sign of a problem. English Español

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English Español

Marijuana Use: What Parents Need to Know

Marihuana: lo que los padres deben saber

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about marijuana use in children, including risks and how to prevent marijuana use English Español

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English Español

Media History

Antecedentes de medios de comunicación (Media History)

Please check one answer for each question. If the question does not apply to your family (ie, you do not own a computer or mobile device), leave that section blank. English Español

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Medicine and the Media: How to Make Sense of the Messages

La medicina y la prensa: Cómo darle sentido a los mensajes que recibimos

Your child is sick or hurt and the first thought on your mind is, “How can I make my child better?” That's natural. No parent wants his or her child to suffer. So how do you decide what medicines to give or treatments to try? English Español

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English Español

Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices

Clasificaciones: cómo realizar elecciones saludables sobre los medios de comunicación (Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices)

Research has shown that children are influenced by what they see and hear, especially at very young ages. To help parents make informed choices about what their children see and hear, many entertainment companies use ratings systems. Ratings give parents more information about the content of television (TV) programs, movies, music, or computer and video games. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about ratings and how you can help your children make healthy media choices. English Español

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Responding to Children's Emotional Needs During Times of Crisis: Information for Parents

Respondiendo a las necesidades emocionales de los niños en momentos de crisis: Información para los padres (Responding to Children's Emotional Needs During Times of Crisis: Information for Parents)

Pediatricians are often the first responders for children and families suffering emotional and psychological reactions to terrorism and other disasters. As such, pediatricians have a unique opportunity to help parents and other caregivers communicate with children in ways that allow them to better understand and recover from traumatic events such as terrorist attacks or other disasters. Pediatricians also can help to facilitate timely referral to mental health services, as appropriate, for these children and their families. English Español

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Welcoming a New Sibling: How to Help Your Child Adjust

La bienvenida a un nuevo hermano: cómo ayudar a su hijo a adaptarse

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents prepare older siblings (big brothers and big sisters) for a new sibling (little brother or little sister). English Español

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English Español

Single Parenting

Padres y madres solteros

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how single parents can support their children and themselves. English Español

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English Español

Your Child’s Sleep Diary

Diario de sueño de su hijo

Children differ in how much sleep they need, how long it takes them to fall asleep, and how easily they wake up. If you are concerned about your child’s sleep habits, talk with your child’s doctor. Your child’s doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary to help track your child’s sleep habits. English Español

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English Español

Sleep Problems in Children

Problemas de sueño en los niños

Sleep problems are very common during the first few years of life. Problems may include waking up during the night, not wanting to go to sleep, nightmares, sleepwalking, and bedwetting. If frantic upset persists with no apparent cause, call your child's doctor. English Español

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English Español

Staying Cool When Things Heat Up

Anger is normal. It is natural to feel this way when you or someone you care about has been treated badly. It's up to us to decide how to act when we get angry. English

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English

Stress-Management Plan

Plan de manejo del estrés

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to aid parents in helping their children manage stress. English Español

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English Español

Stressed? Read This.

¿tienes mucho estrés? lee esto. (Stressed? Read This.)

Even though stress makes us feel uncomfortable, it's not always a bad thing. Sometimes stress can really help us deal with tough situations. A lot of stress changes our bodies quickly and helps us react to an emergency. A little stress keeps us alert and helps us work harder. English Español

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English Español

Suicide Prevention: Safety Plan

Prevención del suicidio: Plan de seguridad

f your child is feeling depressed and having suicidal thoughts, help your child create a safety plan. English Español

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English Español

Suicide Prevention: Signs and Safety Planning

Prevención del suicidio: Señales y planificación de seguridad

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for 10- to 24-year-olds. Parents can help protect their children by being aware of risk factors and warning signs and talking with their child. English Español

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English Español

Talking With Your Teen About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo o hija adolescente

Children are exposed to sexual messages every day—on TV, on the Internet, in movies, in magazines, and in music. Sex in the media is so common that you might think that teens today already know all they need to about sex. They may even claim to know it all, so sex is something you just don't talk about. Unfortunately, only a small amount of what is seen in the media shows responsible sexual behavior or gives correct information. English Español

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English Español

Teaching Good Behavior: Tips on How to Discipline

Enseñe una buena conducta: consejos para saber disciplinar

English Español

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English Español

Teen Dating Violence: Tips for Parents

English

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English

Teen Suicide and Guns

English

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English

Temper Tantrums

Las rabietas o berrinches (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for a young child to hold strong feelings inside. Young children often cry, scream, or stomp up and down when they are upset. As a parent, you may feel angry, helpless, or ashamed. English Español

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English Español

Temper Tantrums

Berrinches o rabietas (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for young children to hold strong feelings inside. When they feel frustrated or angry, they often cry, scream, or stomp up and down. This is a temper tantrum. Temper tantrums are a normal part of your child's development. They usually begin around age 12 to 18 months, get worse between 2 and 3 years, then taper off after that, once children are able to use words to communicate their wants and needs. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand temper tantrums and how best to deal with them. English Español

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English Español

Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

Fumar y cigarrillos electrónicos: Lo que los padres deben saber sobre los riesgos del consumo de tabaco

Many people think that the only people harmed by tobacco use are smokers who have smoked for a long time. The fact is that tobacco use can be harmful to everyone. This includes unborn babies and people who don’t smoke. English Español

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English Español

Thumbs, Fingers, and Pacifiers

Pulgares, dedos y chupetes (o chupones) (Thumbs, Fingers, and Pacifiers)

The good news is that most children stop their sucking habits before they get very far in school. This is because of peer pressure. While your child might still use sucking as a way of going to sleep or calming down when upset, this is usually done in private and is not harmful. Putting too much pressure on your child to stop may cause more harm than good. Be assured your child will eventually stop the habit on her own. English Español

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English Español

Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

El tabaco: Charla directa con los adolescentes (Tobacco: Straight Talk For Teens)

Did you know that about 80% of teens in the United States don't smoke? They've made a healthy choice. English Español

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English Español

Toilet Training

Aprender a ir al baño

Teaching your child how to use the toilet takes time and patience. Each child learns to use the toilet in his or her own time. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help guide you and your child through the process. English Español

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English Español

What is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?

If your child has a developmental, learning, or behavioral problem, a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician has the training and expertise to evaluate and care for your child. Developmental-behavioral pediatricians possess training and experience to consider, in their assessments and treatments, the medical and psychosocial aspects of children's and adolescents' developmental and behavioral problems. English

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English

Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help

La salud mental de su hijo: Cuándo buscar ayuda y dónde obtenerla (Your Child's Mental Health: When to Seek Help and Where to Get Help)

Have you noticed a recent change in your child's behavior? Is she having trouble getting along with friends? Is he failing school? Is this new behavior affecting your family? English Español

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English Español

Your Family's Mental Health: 10 Ways to Improve Mood Naturally

La salud mental de su familia: 10 modos de mejorar el estado de ánimo naturalmente (Your Family's Mental Health: 10 Ways to Improve Mood Naturally)

Great physical health is characterized by strength, flexibility, comfort, energy, endurance, and coordination. Similarly, great mental health includes feeling cheerful, hopeful, confident, resilient, adaptable, and connected to the people and world around us. Developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the foundation for physical and mental health. English Español

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English Español

Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding Your Baby: How Should I Store Breast Milk?

Cómo amamantar a su bebé: ¿cómo debo almacenar la leche materna?

Here are storage and preparation tips for a healthy baby at home. (The hospital may have different guidelines for you to follow if your baby needs to have expressed milk.) English Español

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English Español

Breastfeeding Your Baby: About Weaning

Cómo amamantar a su bebé: el destete

Families and cultures have different views about weaning. In the English language, weaning has several different meanings. English Español

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English Español

COVID-19

COVID-19: What Families Need to Know

Nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

COVID-19, discovered in December 2019, quickly became a global pandemic. Doctors and researchers continue to learn more about it every day. Safe and effective vaccines are now available, offering hope for an end to the pandemic. Until everyone is vaccinated, however, the virus continues to spread. English Español

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English Español

Coronavirus (COVID-19) - Diagnosed or Suspected

Information and guidance on when COVID-19 is diagnosed or suspected. English

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English

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance for exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. English

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English

COVID-19 Prevention

Information and guidance on preventing COVID-19 infection. English

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English

COVID-19 or Influenza - How to Tell

Information and guidance on similarities and differences of COVID-19 and influenza infections. English

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English

COVID-19 Vaccines - Answers to Common Questions

Answers to common questions about COVID-19 vaccination. English

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English

Chest Or Breathing Symptoms

Wheezing - Symptom

Information and guidance about symptoms of wheezing. English

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English

Whooping Cough Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance on exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed whooping cough (pertussis) when child has no rash or other symptoms of whooping cough. English

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English

Precordial Catch Syndrome

Information and guidance about precordial catch syndrome, which causes harmless brief chest pains. English

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English

Heart Rate Fast - Stress Related

Information and guidance on recurrent bouts of fast heart rates that relate to stress in children. English

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English

Chronic Health Needs

ADHD Basic Facts: What Every Parent Should Know Before Starting a Child on Medication—ADHD Toolkit

Datos básicos sobre el TDAH: Lo que todo padre tiene que saber antes de que su hijo comience a tomar medicamentos—ADHD Toolkit

Studies have shown that medication is effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD alone or in combination with behavioral interventions. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

TDAH—¿Qué es el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Behavior management skills that can be included in a Care Plan include English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Are the Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

TDAH—¿Cuáles son los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Children with ADHD have symptoms that fall into 3 groups: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—How Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosed?

TDAH—¿Cómo se diagnostica el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Your child’s or teen’s doctor will determine whether your child or teen has ADHD by using standard guidelines developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics specifically for children, teens, and young adults 4 to 18 years of age. It is difficult to diagnose ADHD in children younger than 4 years. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Causes Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and How Is It Treated?

TDAH—¿Qué causa el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y cómo se trata?

ADHD is one of the most studied conditions of childhood, and it may be caused by a number of things. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the outlook for most children who receive treatment of ADHD is encouraging. There is no specific cure for ADHD, but many treatment options are available to manage the condition. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What is Behavioral Therapy?

TDAH—¿Qué es la terapia conductual?

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about behavioral therapy for a child with ADHD. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Types of Medication Reduce Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms?

TDAH—¿Qué tipo de medicamentos disminuyen los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Helping children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may mean they need medication. Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about medications for children with ADHD. English Español

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English Español

ADHD—What Are Common Questions About Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms?

TDAH—¿Cuáles son las preguntas habituales sobre los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad?

Common questions and answers from the American Academy of Pediatrics about attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). English Español

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English Español

Fluoride Varnish Can Help Prevent Tooth Decay

El barniz de fluoruro ayuda a prevenir las caries dentales (Fluoride Varnish Can Help Prevent Tooth Decay)

Healthy gums and teeth are important to your child’s overall health. This is why your child’s doctor will talk with you about good dental habits even before your child’s first tooth appears. English Español

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English Español

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Abnormal Immunity: An Overview

No one knows for sure how many children have suppressed immune systems. It is becoming more common as more children receive transplants and survive serious problems with their immune systems like HIV. Some children have temporary alterations in their immune system from medications and the immune system returns to normal when the medication is stopped. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergic Skin Conditions

Estimates are that up to 20% of infants and young children may be affected by eczema at some point. There is no good data about how frequently hives and contact dermatitis occur. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergies: An Overview

Allergies are very common. In a national study of children with special health care needs, 53% had allergies of some type. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the whole body. It happens when the body intensely responds to an allergen. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, affecting between 5% and 10%. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Behavior management skills that can be included in a Care Plan include English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities caused by a problem with the brain. Children with ASDs have trouble in 3 core areas of their development. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Bleeding Disorders: An Overview

Bleeding disorders vary in types and severity, so it is best to get details about the specific child’s needs from parents/ guardians and the child’s specialty doctors. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cancer

Children may come to school or a child care center while they are receiving active treatment of cancer, or they may be diagnosed as having cancer while enrolled. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Celiac Disease (Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy or Celiac Sprue)

The treatment team includes a pediatric gastroenterologist and registered dietitians or nutritionists. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition caused by brain injury that interferes with messages from the brain to the body; this interference affects movements and muscle coordination. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for the child’s age and height. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Develop strategies for accommodating children with cleft lip or cleft palate. Suggestions include English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

There are currently about 30,000 children and young adults with CF in the United States. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Developmental Delay

Children have developmental delay when they do not attain the skills that typically developing children acquire at a certain age. Child development is a process that involves learning and mastering skills such as sitting, rolling over, walking, understanding, and talking. Typically developing children learn specific skills, called developmental milestones, during predictable time periods. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Diabetes

Physical activity is important to the health of children with type 2 diabetes, so outdoor play is part of their therapy. Children with type 1 diabetes should be able to play normally. Staff should take a portable pack with insulin, syringes, high-calorie supplements, and glucagon in case of emergency whenever the child is in a different location or on a field trip. A glucometer to check blood sugar should also be available. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is a relatively common birth defect caused by extra genetic material from chromosome 21 (ie, there are 3 copies of chromosome 21 rather than 2). This syndrome affects the physical and intellectual development of the child. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Eczema(Atopic Dermatitis)

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a long-lasting skin condition that causes the skin to be overly sensitive to many things. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a collection of inherited conditions that cause the tissues that connect parts of the body (connective tissue) to be loose. This can cause loose joints, stretchy skin, and delayed healing of the skin. This collection of conditions was reclassified in 2017, so it is important to have information that is specific to the child. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the general term used to describe the range of adverse fetal effects associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Food Allergies

Allergy is the term used to describe the body’s overreaction to something that it views as foreign or different from itself. The body reacts by releasing histamine and other substances that cause allergic symptoms. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome is an inherited form of intellectual disability that is primarily seen in males. It is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. Fragile X syndrome is caused by the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Babies with GERD can choke; a bulb syringe should be available to help clear the airway if necessary. If the baby is coughing, nothing should be done because the cough is the most effective way to clear the airway. If the baby stops breathing or making any sound, CPR techniques for infants should be used. These maneuvers are covered in pediatric first aid with CPR courses such as the American Academy of Pediatrics course, Pediatric First Aid for Caregivers and Teachers. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Gastrostomy Tubes

Gastrostomy tubes are placed in children for many reasons, including prematurity, feeding problems, and brain disorders, and they have become more prevalent as lifesaving medical treatments for children have improved. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hearing Loss and Deafness/Hard of Hearing

The Care Plan for children with hearing loss may include English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Heart Conditions, Nonstructural

Approximately 4,000 children are diagnosed with Kawasaki disease every year and most are younger than 5 years. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Heart Conditions: An Overview

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Heart Defects, Structural

Thirty-five thousand babies are born every year in the United States with these problems, according to the American Heart Association. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hepatitis

Hepatitis means liver inflammation. Most of the time, hepatitis is caused by a viral infection of the liver. The most common types are hepatitis A, B, and C. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hip Problems

What are hip problems in children and how common are they? English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—HIV Infection

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Hydrocephalus and Shunts

Hydrocephalus is the abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid, called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), within the brain. Hydrocephalus can be caused by a structural defect in the brain or spine that blocks CSF and causes it to accumulate. Sometimes a brain injury, especially one that causes bleeding, can interfere with the flow of CSF and cause it to build up and increase pressure. Sometimes, the brain can shrink because of brain damage and the CSF fills in the extra space. That condition does not cause pressure on the brain and does not require special treatment. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Immune Thrombocytopenia

The treatment team may consist of the primary care provider and a hematologist. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

Arthritis is swelling and pain of the joints. When this problem is chronic, the most common form is juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Kidney and Other Urinary Tract Problems

Nephrotic syndrome can occur at any age but is most common between the ages of 18 months and 8 years. Boys are affected more often than girls. A child may come to the child care or school with the diagnosis or may develop it while enrolled. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome is an inherited condition. It affects the tissues that connect parts of the body. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Mitochondrial Disorders

Mitochondrial disorders are a diverse group of diseases caused by damage to small structures found in human cells that are essential in converting food to energy. The result is decreased energy production and associated symptoms. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that cause muscle wasting and weakness. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is progressive and occurs only in boys. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a drug withdrawal syndrome that some infants experience after birth and that generally follows exposure to an opioid. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Neurofibromatosis (NF) and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)

There are many types of neurocutaneous syndromes (syndromes that include skin findings). The most common is neurofibromatosis (NF). There are 7 types of NF. Although they are all different, they all have skin and neurologic findings. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common type, and, while it is inherited, half of the cases are new mutations. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition that affects the brain and causes newborns and young infants to be weak and slow to gain weight but shifts to causing excessive hunger and weight gain in toddlers. It affects boys and girls equally. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Preterm Newborns (Preemies): An Overview

One in 10 babies (9.6%) was born prematurely in the United States in 2016. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Seizures, Febrile

Febrile seizures are described as generalized (whole brain and body involved), tonic-clonic (shaking) movements of a child’s body in response to a high fever. These seizures represent abnormal brain electrical activity triggered by fever. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Seizures, Nonfebrile (Epilepsy)

Seizures represent the most common neurologic disorder in children. About 1% of all children have a type of non-febrile seizure disorder, or epilepsy. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Short-Stature Conditions

More than 100 specific conditions have been identified that can cause short stature. Achondroplasia occurs in people of all races and with equal frequency in males and females, and it affects about 1 in every 26,000 children. An estimated 10,000 individuals in the United States have achondroplasia. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Sickle Cell Disease

Children with sickle cell disease should have at least 8 cups of water or fluid per day. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Special Diets and Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Some of the more common inborn errors of metabolism include English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Spina Bifida

Spina bifida means cleft spine, which is an incomplete closure in the spinal column. The 4 types of spina bifida are English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Spleen Problems

Because the spleen can be affected differently by different diseases, it is difficult to say how many children have spleen problems. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Tracheostomy

The Care Plan should address English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (Includes Concussion)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a direct blow to the head with different amounts of force that cause mild, moderate, or severe brain injury. Mild TBI can be called a concussion. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Turner Syndrome

Turner syndrome is a genetic condition that only affects girls and women. It occurs when 1 of the 2 X chromosomes normally found in females is missing or incomplete. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Vesicostomy

A vesicostomy is a surgical opening in the bladder to the outside of the body (lower belly) that allows urine to come out, preventing urinary tract infection and damage to the kidneys. Urine drains constantly from this opening. The child will need to wear a diaper, training pants (Pull-Ups), or an incontinence pad. A vesicostomy is sometimes a temporary treatment. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Visual Impairments

English

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Español

Students With Chronic Health Conditions: Guidance for Families, Schools, and Students

Estudiantes con problemas crónicos de salud: una guía para familias, escuelas y estudiantes (Students With Chronic Health Conditions: Guidance for Families, Schools, and Students)

School is more than a place to gain knowledge and skills. It also is a place where children meet new friends and learn about themselves and other important life lessons. Because children spend many hours in school, it is important that it be a safe and supportive environment for all children. English Español

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Your Preemie’s Growth: Developmental Milestones

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about developmental milestones for your preterm baby (also known as preemie). English Español

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Common Illnesses And Conditions

COVID: How to Prepare for Your Child’s COVID Vaccination

Cómo preparar a su hijo para recibir la vacuna y los refuerzos contra el COVID-19

A checklist for parents to help prepare for your child's COVID-19 vaccination. English Español

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Protecting Your Child With the COVID-19 Vaccine

Information about how to protect your child with the COVID-19 vaccine. English

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Children’s Dental Health: What You Need to Know

Salud odontológica de los niños: Lo que debe saber

The road to a bright smile begins long before the first tooth appears. Parents play a big part in helping their children develop healthy teeth. Early monitoring by your child's doctor and dentist is important. English Español

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Acne—How to Treat and Control It

Acné: Cómo tratarlo y controlarlo (Acne–How to Treat and Control It)

Almost all teens get zits at one time or another. It's called acne. Whether your case is mild or severe, there are things you can do to keep it under control. Read on to find out how. English Español

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Acute Ear Infections and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y las infecciones de oído agudas (Acute Ear Infections and Your Child)

Next to the common cold, an ear infection is the most common childhood illness. In fact, most children have at least one ear infection by the time they are 3 years old. Many ear infections clear up without causing any lasting problems. English Español

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Allergies in Children

Alergias en los niños (Allergies in Children)

Allergy describes a condition involving the immune system that causes sneezing and itching, chronic rashes, wheezing, or even life-threatening allergic reactions. Whether minor or serious, there are things you can do to prevent or control most allergic problems. The more you know about allergies—the symptoms, causes, and treatments—the more prepared you will be to help your child. Read on to find out more. English Español

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Anaphylaxis

Anafilaxis (Anaphylaxis)

For anyone experiencing anaphylaxis, epinephrine should be given right away followed by a call to 911 for further treatment and transfer to a hospital. The main medicine to treat anaphylaxis is epinephrine. This is a medicine given by an injection. The best place to inject it is in the muscles of the outer part of the thigh. If the symptoms do not improve very quickly, the injection should be given again in 5 to 30 minutes. English Español

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Anemia in Children and Teens

La anemia en niños y adolescentes

Anemia can make your child appear pale in color and feel cranky, tired, or weak. Though these symptoms may worry you, the most common causes of anemia—such as iron deficiency—are generally easy to treat, especially when anemia is detected early. English Español

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Ankle Sprain Treatment (Care of the Young Athlete)

Acute ankle and foot injuries are common in athletes and other active young people. Sprains account for the greatest number of acute injuries. English

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Antibiotics Aren't Always Needed

La salud de su hijo y los antibióticos

Parents need to know that using antibiotics when they are not the right medicine will not help and may even cause harm to children. English Español

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Asthma

Asma (Asthma)

Asthma (AZZ-muh) is a disease of the breathing tubes that carry air to the lungs. The linings of the tubes swell, and they fill up with mucus (MYOO-kus). This is called inflammation (in-fluh-MAY-shun). It makes the tubes get narrow. This makes it hard to breathe. English Español

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Asthma and Exercise (Care of the Young Athlete)

Almost every child (and adult) with asthma can benefit from sports and physical activity. Also, asthma should not prevent young athletes from enjoying a full athletic career. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about asthma and exercise. English

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Asthma and Your Child

El asma y su hijo

This handout informs parents about asthma, including information about asthma symptoms, triggers, treatments, medicines, and how to communicate with your child's school. English Español

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Asthma Triggers

Provocadores de asma (Asthma Triggers)

Things that cause asthma (AZZ-muh) attacks or make asthma worse are called triggers. Asthma triggers can be found in your home, your child's school, child care, and other people's homes. English Español

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Bedwetting

Enuresis nocturna

Bedwetting is not a serious medical condition, but it can be a challenging problem for children and parents. Read on to find out more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bedwetting and what can be done about it. English Español

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Bedwetting

Orinar o mojar la cama (Bedwetting)

Most children learn to use the toilet between 2 and 4 years of age. Even after children are toilet-trained, they may wet the bed until they are older. It's even common for 6-year-olds to wet the bed once in a while. Some children still wet the bed at age 12. English Español

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Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child

La bronquiolitis y su hijo pequeño (Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child)

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness among infants. One of its symptoms is trouble breathing, which can be scary for parents and young children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bronchiolitis, causes, signs and symptoms, how to treat it, and how to prevent it. English Español

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Common Childhood Infections

Infecciones comunes en la niñez (Common Childhood Infections)

Most infections are caused by germs called viruses and bacteria. While you may be able to keep germs from spreading, you can't always keep your child from getting sick. It is important for parents to know how to keep their children healthy and what to do when they get sick. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about common childhood infections—signs and symptoms, treatments, and when to call your child's doctor. English Español

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Constipation and Your Child

El estreñimiento y su hijo (Constipation and Your Child)

Bowel patterns vary from child to child just as they do in adults. What's normal for your child may be different from what's normal for another child. Most children have bowel movements 1 or 2 times a day. Other children may go 2 to 3 days or longer before passing a normal stool. English Español

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Croup

Crup: Croup

Croup is an infection that makes the inside of your child's throat swell up. This makes it hard for your child to breathe. It can be scary for both parents and children. English Español

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Croup and Your Young Child

El crup y su hijo pequeño (Croup and Your Young Child)

Croup is a common illness in young children. It can be scary for parents as well as children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about croup, including types, causes, symptoms, and treatments. English Español

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Croup: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care

El crup: En qué casos su hijo necesita cuidado hospitalario (Croup: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care)

Croup is a common illness that affects the airways, making it hard for a child to breathe. It's most common in toddlers but can affect children between 6 months and 12 years of age. Another symptom is a loud barking cough that is worse at night. Trouble breathing and the barking cough can be scary for parent and child. Most children with viral croup also have low fever. English Español

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Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby

El llanto y su bebé: Cómo calmar a un bebé fastidioso o con cólicos (Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby)

Babies cry for different reasons. Crying is one way babies try to tell us what they need. They may be hungry, have a soiled diaper, or just want a little attention. (See checklist at the bottom.) If a crying baby cannot be comforted, the cause may be colic. Read on about colic and ways to calm a crying baby. English Español

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Diaper Rash and Your baby

El eritema del pañal y su bebé

Most babies get diaper rash, but it is usually not serious. Read on to find out more about what causes diaper rash and how to treat it. English Español

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Diarrhea and Your Child

La diarrea y su hijo (Diarrhea and Your Child)

Diarrhea can be acute (lasts a short time) or chronic (lasting more than 2 weeks). Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about acute diarrhea, as well as how to manage the symptoms, and how to help reduce your child’s chances of getting diarrhea. English Español

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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) and Your Child

El eccema (dermatitis atópica) y su hijo (Eczema [Atopic Dermatitis] and Your Child)

Eczema is a chronic skin problem that causes dry, red, itchy skin. It is also called atopic dermatitis or AD. Anyone can get eczema, but it is most common in babies to young adults. English Español

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Febrile Seizures

Convulsiones febriles (Febrile Seizures)

In some children, fevers can trigger seizures. Febrile seizures occur in 2% to 5% of all children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. Seizures, sometimes called “fits” or “spells,” are frightening, but they usually are harmless. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand febrile seizures and what happens if your child has one. English Español

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Fever and Your Child

La fiebre y su hijo: (Fever and Your Child)

A fever is usually a sign that the body is fighting an illness or infection. Fevers are generally harmless. In fact, they can be considered a good sign that your child's immune system is working and the body is trying to heal itself. While it is important to look for the cause of a fever, the main purpose for treating it is to help your child feel better if he is uncomfortable or has pain. English Español

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Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe

Diversión al sol: proteja a su familia (Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe)

Warm, sunny days are wonderful. It's great to exercise outside, and the sun feels good on your skin. But what feels good can harm you and your family. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to keep your family safe from the sun’s harmful rays. English Español

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Gastroenteritis: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care

La gastroenteritis: En qué casos su hijo necesita cuidado hospitalario (Gastroenteritis: When Your Child Needs Hospital Care)

Gastroenteritis is a common childhood illness that causes diarrhea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration. It is usually caused by a virus but can also be caused by bacteria or a parasite. Most of the time mild diarrhea and vomiting last for just a few days. However, if symptoms don't go away or they get worse, your child may need to be treated in the hospital. English Español

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Giving Medicine to Children: Important Safety Information

Una guía para los medicamentos de su hijo (A Guide to Your Child’s Medicines)

Giving medicine in the right way can help your child feel better and get well. However, medicine information and labels can be confusing. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about prescription and over-the-counter medicines, how to give medicine in the right way, and how to prevent medicine mistakes. English Español

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Haemophilus influenzae Type b

La haemophilus influenzae tipo B: Recomendaciones para los padres ( Haemophilus influenzae type b)

(Please see the related Vaccine Information Statement, Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know) English Español

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Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know

Inyección contra la hepatitis B: Lo que los padres necesitan saber (Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know)

Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lifelong HBV infection can lead to liver cancer or scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). More than 1 million people in the United States are living with lifelong HBV infection. Anyone can get infected with HBV, including your child. English Español

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C (Hepatitis C)

Anyone can get infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the virus that causes hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver infection that can lead to serious liver problems and possibly death. Although most children and adolescents recover from the initial phase of HCV infection, 70% to 80% of acute infections become chronic. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about HCV symptoms, how HCV is spread, and ways to reduce the risk of an HCV infection. English Español

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How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby

Cómo prevenir las caries dentales en su bebé (How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby)

Baby teeth are important. If baby teeth are lost too early, the teeth that are left may move and not leave any room for adult teeth to come in. Also, if tooth decay is not prevented, it can be costly to treat, cause pain, and lead to life-threatening infections. English Español

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How to Take Your Child's Temperature

Cómo tomarle la temperatura a su niño (How to Take Your Child's Temperature)

Your temperature (TEM-pruh-chur) is how warm or cold your body is. Normal temperature for a child is 98°F to 99°F or 37°C. Anything over 100.4°F or 38°C is a fever. English Español

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Imaging Tests: A Look Inside Your Child's Body

Pruebas de imagenología: Un vistazo dentro del cuerpo de su hijo

Imaging tests are used to “look” inside the body. They can help diagnose injuries and illnesses from broken bones to cancer. Some tests can find problems before symptoms appear. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about imaging tests. English Español

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Immunizations: What You Need To Know

Vacunas: Lo que debe saber (Immunizations: What You Need to Know)

Immunizations have helped children stay healthy for more than 50 years. They are safe and they work. In fact, serious side effects are no more common than those from other types of medication. Vaccinations have reduced the number of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases by more than 90%! Yet many parents still question their safety because of misinformation they've received. That's why it's important to turn to a reliable and trusted source, including your child's doctor, for information. The following are answers to common questions parents have about immunizations. English Español

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Headaches: What Teens Need to Know

Dolores de cabeza: Lo que los adolescentes deben saber (Headaches: What Teens Need to Know)

A lot of teens do. In fact, 50% to 75% of all teens report having at least one headache per month! English Español

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Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child

Su hijo y los corticoesteroides inhalables e intranasales (Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child)

If your child has asthma or allergic rhinitis (hay fever), your pediatrician may prescribe a corticosteroid, also commonly referred to as a steroid. These medicines are the best available to decrease the swelling and irritation (inflammation) that occurs with persistent asthma or allergy. They are not the same as the anabolic steroids that are used illegally by some athletes to build muscles. English Español

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HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know

Conozca datos concretos sobre el VIH y el SIDA

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and treatment are very effective at keeping people healthy. In addition, there are things you can do to prevent getting HIV. Read on to learn more about HIV and AIDS and how to keep you and your children healthy. English Español

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Lactose Intolerance and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y la intolerancia a la lactosa (Lactose Intolerance and Your Child)

After drinking milk or eating ice cream, does your child have stomach cramps or get diarrhea? If so, your child may have lactose intolerance. English Español

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Lyme Disease

Enfermedad de Lyme (Lyme Disease)

Lyme disease is an important public health problem in some areas of the United States. Since its discovery in Lyme, CT, in 1975, thousands of cases of the disease have been reported across the United States and around the world. By knowing more about the disease and how to prevent it, you can help keep your family safe from the effects of Lyme disease. English Español

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergic Skin Conditions

Estimates are that up to 20% of infants and young children may be affected by eczema at some point. There is no good data about how frequently hives and contact dermatitis occur. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Allergies: An Overview

Allergies are very common. In a national study of children with special health care needs, 53% had allergies of some type. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that affects the whole body. It happens when the body intensely responds to an allergen. English

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English

Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Asthma

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, affecting between 5% and 10%. English

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Babies with GERD can choke; a bulb syringe should be available to help clear the airway if necessary. If the baby is coughing, nothing should be done because the cough is the most effective way to clear the airway. If the baby stops breathing or making any sound, CPR techniques for infants should be used. These maneuvers are covered in pediatric first aid with CPR courses such as the American Academy of Pediatrics course, Pediatric First Aid for Caregivers and Teachers. English

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Diarrhea—Child Care and Schools

An illness in which someone develops more watery and frequent stools than is typical for that person. Diarrhea can be caused by changes in diet, such as drinking excessive amount of fruit juice, eating more than the usual amounts of certain foods, and the use of some medications. Diarrhea also can be the result of a problem with the intestines, such as inability to absorb nutrients or allergy to foods. Infections with some viruses, bacteria, and parasites can cause diarrhea. English

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Ear Infection—Child Care and Schools

There are 2 common types of ear infections: otitis media (middle ear infection) and otitis externa (swimmer’s ear). Most ear infections of young children occur in the middle ear. English

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Medicine and the Media: How to Make Sense of the Messages

La medicina y la prensa: Cómo darle sentido a los mensajes que recibimos

Your child is sick or hurt and the first thought on your mind is, “How can I make my child better?” That's natural. No parent wants his or her child to suffer. So how do you decide what medicines to give or treatments to try? English Español

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English Español

Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students

Enfermedad meningocócica: información para adolescentes y estudiantes universitarios (Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students)

Certain teens and young adults have a higher risk of getting meningococcal disease. College students, especially freshmen who live in dorms and military recruits, are at an increased risk compared with others in this age group. It's important to know how to protect yourself because meningococcal disease can be deadly. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about this serious illness, safe and effective vaccines, and how to stay healthy. English Español

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Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y el líquido en el oído medio (Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child)

The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that is usually filled with air. When a child has middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion), it means that a watery or mucus-like fluid has collected in the middle ear. Otitis media means middle ear inflammation, and effusion means fluid. English Español

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Minor Head Injuries in Children

Lesiones leves en la cabeza durante la niñez (Minor Head Injuries in Children)

Almost all children bump their heads every now and then. While these injuries can be upsetting, most head injuries are minor and do not cause serious problems. In very rare cases, problems can occur after a minor bump on the head. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand the difference between a head injury that needs only a comforting hug and one that requires immediate medical attention. English Español

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VIS—MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)

Vacuna contra MMR (sarampión, paperas y rubeola) (MMR VIS)

Measles, mumps, and rubella are serious diseases. Before vaccines they were very common, especially among children. English Español

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English Español

VIS—MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna contra MMRV (sarampión, paperas, rubeola y varicela)

Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are viral diseases that can have serious consequences. Before vaccines, these diseases were very common in the United States, especially among children. They are still common in many parts of the world. English Español

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Nursemaid's Elbow

Codo de niñera (Nursemaid's Elbow)

A pulled elbow (also known as nursemaid’s elbow) is a common, painful injury generally among children under four years old but occasionally older. It occurs when the outer part of the elbow becomes dislocated or slips out of its joint. English Español

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Head Lice: What You Need to Know

La pediculosis: lo que debe saber

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents and caregivers check for, treat, and prevent the spread of head lice. English Español

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Pneumococcal Infections

Infeccion por neumococo (Pneumococcal Infections)

Meningitis (brain), Bacteremia (bloodstream), Pneumonia (lungs), Sinusitis (sinus membranes), and Otitis media (ears). These infections can be dangerous to very young children, the elderly, and people with certain high-risk health conditions. English Español

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English Español

Protect Your Child From Poison

Proteja a su hijo de las intoxicaciones

Children can get very sick if they come in contact with medicines, household products, pesticides, chemicals, or cosmetics. This can happen at any age and can cause serious reactions. However, most children who come in contact with these things are not permanently hurt if they are treated right away. English Español

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): What Parents Need to Know

Virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS): lo que los padres deben saber

Almost all children get a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection at least once before they are 2 years of age. Most children have mild symptoms. But babies and some children can get very sick from RSV. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about RSV, including how to protect babies and young children from RSV infection. English Español

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Influenza (Flu): What You Need to Know

Influenza (gripe): Lo que debe saber

Influenza is an illness caused by the influenza virus. While most people experience respiratory symptoms, influenza affects the whole body. Influenza is commonly known as the flu. English Español

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Sinusitis and Your Child

La sinusitis y su hijo (Sinusitis and Your Child)

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the nose and sinuses. It is a very common infection in children. English Español

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Sleep Apnea and Your Child

La apnea del sueño y su hijo (Sleep Apnea and Your Child)

Does your child snore a lot? Does he sleep restlessly? Does he have difficulty breathing, or does he gasp or choke, while he sleeps? If your child has these symptoms, he may have a condition known as sleep apnea. English Español

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Your Child’s Sleep Diary

Diario de sueño de su hijo

Children differ in how much sleep they need, how long it takes them to fall asleep, and how easily they wake up. If you are concerned about your child’s sleep habits, talk with your child’s doctor. Your child’s doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary to help track your child’s sleep habits. English Español

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Sleep Problems in Children

Problemas de sueño en los niños

Sleep problems are very common during the first few years of life. Problems may include waking up during the night, not wanting to go to sleep, nightmares, sleepwalking, and bedwetting. If frantic upset persists with no apparent cause, call your child's doctor. English Español

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Tonsils and Adenoid

Amígdalas y adenoides

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about the tonsils and adenoid, tonsillitis, signs of an enlarged adenoid and tonsils, when surgery is recommended, and what if surgery is recommended. English Español

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Treating Your Child's Pain: Medical Procedures

Cómo aliviar el dolor que experimenta su hijo(a): Procedimientos médicos (Treating Your Child's Pain: Medical Procedures)

During certain medical procedures, your child may experience pain. These procedures can include having blood drawn, having breathing or feeding tubes put in, or lumbar punctures (spinal taps). Luckily, pain from these activities does not last long. Read on to find out how your child's pain from medical procedures can be managed. English Español

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Type 2 Diabetes: Tips for Healthy Living

Diabetes tipo 2: consejos para una vida saludable (Type 2 Diabetes: Tips for Healthy Living)

Children with type 2 diabetes can live a healthy life. If your child has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, your child's doctor will talk with you about the importance of lifestyle and medication in keeping your child's blood glucose (blood sugar) levels under control. English Español

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Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children

Infecciones de las vías urinarias en niños pequeños (Urinary Tract Infections in Young Children)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in young children. These infections can lead to serious health problems. UTIs may go untreated because the symptoms may not be obvious to the child or the parents. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about UTIs—what they are, how children get them, and how they are treated. English Español

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VIS—Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccine

Vacuna contra la varicela (viruela loca) (Chickenpox VIS)

Chickenpox (also called varicella) is a common childhood disease. It is usually mild, but it can be serious, especially in young infants and adults. English Español

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Clean Intermittent Catheterization for Girls

Cateterismo intermitente limpio para niñas

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand the basics of clean intermittent catherization (CIC). English Español

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Clean Intermittent Catheterization for Boys

Cateterismo intermitente limpio para varones

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand the basics of clean intermittent catherization (CIC). English Español

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Ear Symptoms

Ear Foreign Body - Removal

Information and guidance on a foreign body in a child's ear canal. English

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Hyperventilation Attack

Information and guidance on hyperventilation attacks. English

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Eye Symptoms

Eye - Harmless Chemical and Eye Irrigation

Information and guidance on what to do when harmless chemicals are in the eye. English

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Dark Circles Under the Eyes - Normal

Information and guidance on normal instance of dark circles under the eyes. English

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Corneal Abrasion

Information and guidance about viral infections. English

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Fever Symptoms

Viral Infection

Information and guidance about viral infections. English

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Genital Or Urinary Symptoms

Stool with Blood - Symptom

Information and guidance when stool has blood. English

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Urine with Blood - Symptom

Information and guidance when urine has blood. English

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Urine - Unusual Color

Information and guidance for when urine is an unusual color. English

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Urine - Unusual Odor

Information and guidance for when urine has an unusual odor. English

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IUD Placement - How to Check

Information and guidance on how to check that an intrauterine device (IUD) is in the right place. English

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Spells - Unexplained

Information and guidance on unexplained spells. English

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Masturbation in Preschoolers - Normal

Information and guidance on normal instance of masturbation in preschoolers. English

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Menstrual Bleeding - Normal

Information and guidance on normal menstrual bleeding, often called a "period". English

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Bedwetting Alarms

Information and guidance on using bedwetting alarms for children age 8 and older who want to try one. English

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Wetting - Waiting Too Long Type

Information and guidance on daytime wetting in children. English

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Urethritis from Soap - in Young Boys

Information and guidance on urethritis from soap in young boys. English

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English

Urethritis from Soap - in Young Girls

Information and guidance on urethritis from soap in young girls. English

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English

Growth And Development

Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use

Más allá del tiempo frente a la pantalla: Guía para padres sobre el uso de medios (Beyond Screen Time: A Parent’s Guide to Media Use)

While family is the most important influence in a child’s life, media in all its forms, including TV, computers, and other screens, are not far behind. Because media can influence how children think, feel, and behave, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) encourages parents to help their children form healthy media use habits early on. Read on for information about steps you can take to encourage healthy media use habits and to learn more about media messages and TV ratings. English Español

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Building Strong Bones: Why Calcium Counts

El calcio y tú

As you grow, you need calcium to build strong bones and a healthy body. Getting plenty of calcium while you are young also makes your bones strong and keeps them strong for your entire lifetime. English Español

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Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?

Cómo elegir cuidado infantil de calidad: ¿Qué es lo mejor para su familia?: (Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?)

Finding high-quality child care is very important but not always easy. Your choice will play a key role in your child's health and development. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about child care options to help you in your search for what's best for your family. English Español

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Connecting With your Community

English

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For Today's Teens: A Message From Your Pediatrician

Controles de adolescentes: Un mensaje de tu pediatra

Now that you are getting older, you have different health needs than you did when you were younger. However, your pediatrician is still there to help you stay healthy. English Español

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Friends Are Important: Tips for Parents

English

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Growing Independence: Tips for Parents of Young Children

English

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Health Care for College Students

Asistencia médica para estudiantes universitarios (Health Care For College Students)

College is filled with many opportunities to learn and experience life. You'll be responsible for making your own choices, including choices about your health. Following is important information to help you stay healthy and safe on your new journey. English Español

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Healthy Communication With Your Child

Una sana comunicación con su hijo(a) (Healthy Communication With Your Child)

Healthy communication with your child is one of the most important and rewarding skills that you can develop as a parent. It also makes the tough parts of parenting (such as disciplining your child) much easier and more effective. Good communication is a two-way street, meaning that listening to your child is just as important as talking to him. English Español

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How Do Infants Learn?

¿Cómo Aprenden Los Bebés? (How do Infants Learn?)

English Español

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Internet and Your Family, The

Internet y su familia (The Internet and Your Family)

The Internet can connect you and your family to all types of resources. At your computer, you and your family can read the latest news, look up information, listen to music, play games, buy things, or e-mail friends. The possibilities for learning and exploring on the Internet are endless. However, not all information and resources are safe and reliable. Read more about how to make sure you and your family's experience on the Internet is safe, educational, and fun. English Español

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Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?

¿Se comunica su niño pequeño con usted? (Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?)

Your baby is able to communicate with you long before he or she speaks a single word! A baby's cry, smile, and responses to you help you to understand his or her needs. In this publication the American Academy of Pediatrics shares information about how children communicate and what to do when there are concerns about delays in development. English Español

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Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know

Dificultades de aprendizaje: lo que los padres deben saber (Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know)

Your child will learn many things in life—how to listen, speak, read, write, and do math. Some skills may be harder to learn than others. If your child is trying his best to learn certain skills but is not able to keep up with his peers, it’s important to find out why. Your child may have a learning disability (also known as LD). If your child has an LD, the sooner you know, the sooner you can get your child help. Your child can succeed in school, work, and relationships. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about LDs. English Español

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Media History

Antecedentes de medios de comunicación (Media History)

Please check one answer for each question. If the question does not apply to your family (ie, you do not own a computer or mobile device), leave that section blank. English Español

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Next Stop Adulthood: Tips for Parents

Parents need to give up much of the control over many of their young adult's decisions. But parents still worry about their child's safety, health, and success. This is where you need to trust the job you have done as a parent. English

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Parenting Your Infant

La crianza de su bebito (Parenting Your Infant)

English Español

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English Español

Playing Is How Toddlers Learn

El juego infantil es la via para aprender

English Español

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English Español

Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children

Bien desde el comienzo: el ABC de una buena nutrición durante la niñez (Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children)

As a parent, you are interested in your child's health. Your role is to provide healthy food in appropriate portions, and your child's role is to decide how much to eat. That is why it is important to understand how to provide healthy choices for your child. English Español

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Welcoming a New Sibling: How to Help Your Child Adjust

La bienvenida a un nuevo hermano: cómo ayudar a su hijo a adaptarse

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents prepare older siblings (big brothers and big sisters) for a new sibling (little brother or little sister). English Español

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Single Parenting

Padres y madres solteros

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how single parents can support their children and themselves. English Español

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English Español

Start Reading to Your Child Early

Léale temprano a su niño (Start Reading to Your Child Early)

A baby can enjoy books by 6 months of age! Here are things you can do with your child at different ages to help your child learn to love words and books. English Español

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Teaching Good Behavior: Tips on How to Discipline

Enseñe una buena conducta: consejos para saber disciplinar

English Español

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English Español

Temper Tantrums

Las rabietas o berrinches (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for a young child to hold strong feelings inside. Young children often cry, scream, or stomp up and down when they are upset. As a parent, you may feel angry, helpless, or ashamed. English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Berrinches o rabietas (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for young children to hold strong feelings inside. When they feel frustrated or angry, they often cry, scream, or stomp up and down. This is a temper tantrum. Temper tantrums are a normal part of your child's development. They usually begin around age 12 to 18 months, get worse between 2 and 3 years, then taper off after that, once children are able to use words to communicate their wants and needs. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand temper tantrums and how best to deal with them. English Español

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Toilet Training

Aprender a ir al baño

Teaching your child how to use the toilet takes time and patience. Each child learns to use the toilet in his or her own time. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help guide you and your child through the process. English Español

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What is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?

If your child has a developmental, learning, or behavioral problem, a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician has the training and expertise to evaluate and care for your child. Developmental-behavioral pediatricians possess training and experience to consider, in their assessments and treatments, the medical and psychosocial aspects of children's and adolescents' developmental and behavioral problems. English

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Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play

Los niños pequeños aprenden mucho jugando (Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play)

When young children play with children close to their own age, they learn: how to cooperate, when to lead and when to follow, and how to solve problems. Read more about the importance of play for children. English Español

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Your Baby's First Steps

Los primeros pasos de su bebé

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help prepare you for your baby’s first steps. English Español

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When a Baby’s Head Is Misshapen: Positional Skull Deformities

Cuando la cabeza de un bebé se deforma: deformidad craneal postural

Many parents wonder if the shape of their newborn's head is normal. Maybe it seems a bit flat in the back or uneven on one side. Most of these slight imperfections happen when infants spend too much time in one position such as in a crib, a car safety seat, or an infant carrier. The good news is that most of the time the shape of the head returns to normal on its own by simply changing your baby's position regularly. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to answer questions from parents about their newborn's head shape. English Español

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Your Child is on the Move: Reduce the Risk of Gun Injury

English

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Your Child's Eyes

Los ojos de su hijo (Your Child's Eyes)

Eye exams by your child’s doctor are an important way to identify problems with your child’s vision. Problems that are found early have a better chance of being treated successfully. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about your child’s vision, including signs of vision problems and information on various eye conditions. English Español

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Your Child's Growth: Developmental Milestones

El crecimiento de su hijo: Logros en el desarrollo (Your Child's Growth: Developmental Milestones)

Watching a young child grow is a wonderful and unique experience for a parent. Learning to sit up, walk, and talk are some of the major developmental milestones your child will achieve. English Español

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English Español

Head Or Brain Symptoms

Concussion

Information and guidance about concussion. English

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Headache - Attention-Getting Type

Information and guidance on headaches in children. English

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English

Dizziness - Stress Related

Information and guidance on stress-related dizziness in children. English

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English

Immunizations

COVID: How to Prepare for Your Child’s COVID Vaccination

Cómo preparar a su hijo para recibir la vacuna y los refuerzos contra el COVID-19

A checklist for parents to help prepare for your child's COVID-19 vaccination. English Español

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Protecting Your Child With the COVID-19 Vaccine

Information about how to protect your child with the COVID-19 vaccine. English

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English

Vaccines—Autism Toolkit

Vacunas

Scientific studies show that many different genes work together with things in the environment to put a child at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Scientific studies do not show that vaccines cause ASD. English Español

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DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) Vaccine (VIS)

Vacuna contra DTaP (difteria, tétanos, tos ferina) (DTaP VIS)

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are serious diseases caused by bacteria. Diphtheria and pertussis are spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. English Español

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Haemophilus influenzae Type b

La haemophilus influenzae tipo B: Recomendaciones para los padres ( Haemophilus influenzae type b)

(Please see the related Vaccine Information Statement, Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know) English Español

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VIS—Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae type b) Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna contra Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease is a serious disease caused by bacteria. It usually affects children under 5 years old. It can also affect adults with certain medical conditions. English Español

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Hepatitis A Vaccine (VIS)

Vacuna contra la hepatitis A: (Hepatitis A VIS)

Hepatitis A is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV is found in the stool of people with hepatitis A. English Español

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Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know

Inyección contra la hepatitis B: Lo que los padres necesitan saber (Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know)

Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lifelong HBV infection can lead to liver cancer or scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). More than 1 million people in the United States are living with lifelong HBV infection. Anyone can get infected with HBV, including your child. English Español

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English Español

VIS—Hepatitis B Vaccine

Vacuna contra la hepatitis B (Hepatitis B VIS)

Hepatitis B is a serious infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus. English Español

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English Español

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C (Hepatitis C)

Anyone can get infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the virus that causes hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver infection that can lead to serious liver problems and possibly death. Although most children and adolescents recover from the initial phase of HCV infection, 70% to 80% of acute infections become chronic. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about HCV symptoms, how HCV is spread, and ways to reduce the risk of an HCV infection. English Español

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VIS—HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Vaccine

Vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)(HPV VIS)

HPV vaccine prevents infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types that are associated with many cancers. English Español

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Immunizations: What You Need To Know

Vacunas: Lo que debe saber (Immunizations: What You Need to Know)

Immunizations have helped children stay healthy for more than 50 years. They are safe and they work. In fact, serious side effects are no more common than those from other types of medication. Vaccinations have reduced the number of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases by more than 90%! Yet many parents still question their safety because of misinformation they've received. That's why it's important to turn to a reliable and trusted source, including your child's doctor, for information. The following are answers to common questions parents have about immunizations. English Español

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VIS—Influenza (Flu) Vaccine (Inactivated or Recombinant)

VIS—Vacuna contra la influenza (gripe) (inactivada o recombinante)

With any medicine, including vaccines, there is a chance of reactions. These are usually mild and go away on their own, but serious reactions are also possible. English Español

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VIS—Influenza (Live, Intranasal) Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna contra la influenza (gripe) (con virus vivos, intranasal)

Influenza (“flu”) is a contagious disease that spreads around the United States every year, usually between October and May. English Español

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English Español

Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students

Enfermedad meningocócica: información para adolescentes y estudiantes universitarios (Meningococcal Disease: Information for Teens and College Students)

Certain teens and young adults have a higher risk of getting meningococcal disease. College students, especially freshmen who live in dorms and military recruits, are at an increased risk compared with others in this age group. It's important to know how to protect yourself because meningococcal disease can be deadly. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about this serious illness, safe and effective vaccines, and how to stay healthy. English Español

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English Español

VIS—Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna meningocócica ACWY

Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial illness. It is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children 2 through 18 years old in the United States. Meningitis is an infection of the covering of the brain and the spinal cord. English Español

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English Español

VIS—MMR Vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella)

Vacuna contra MMR (sarampión, paperas y rubeola) (MMR VIS)

Measles, mumps, and rubella are serious diseases. Before vaccines they were very common, especially among children. English Español

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English Español

VIS—MMRV (Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella) Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna contra MMRV (sarampión, paperas, rubeola y varicela)

Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella are viral diseases that can have serious consequences. Before vaccines, these diseases were very common in the United States, especially among children. They are still common in many parts of the world. English Español

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English Español

VIS—Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

Vacuna conjugada neumocócica

Pneumococcal disease refers to any illness caused by pneumococcal bacteria. These bacteria can cause many types of illnesses, including pneumonia, which is an infection of the lungs. Anyone can get pneumococcal disease, but children under 2 years old, people with certain medical conditions or other risk factors, and adults 65 years or older are at the highest risk. English Español

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Pneumococcal Infections

Infeccion por neumococo (Pneumococcal Infections)

Meningitis (brain), Bacteremia (bloodstream), Pneumonia (lungs), Sinusitis (sinus membranes), and Otitis media (ears). These infections can be dangerous to very young children, the elderly, and people with certain high-risk health conditions. English Español

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English Español

VIS—Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna neumocócica polisacárida

Vaccination can protect older adults (and some children and younger adults) from pneumococcal disease. English Español

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VIS—Polio Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna de la poliomielitis

Polio (or poliomyelitis) is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by poliovirus, which can infect a person’s spinal cord, leading to paralysis. Polio vaccine can prevent polio. English Español

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Protect Yourself and Help Protect Your Baby: Information for New Moms on the Tdap Vaccine

Protéjase y ayude a proteger a su bebé: Información para nuevas mamás sobre la vacuna Tdap (Protect Yourself and Help Protect Your Baby: Information for New Moms on the Tdap Vaccine)

Congratulations on your new baby! Your baby is the greatest gift you will ever receive. One of your biggest jobs as a parent is to keep your child safe and healthy. One way do this is to make sure your children get all the immunizations they need to protect them from different diseases. But did you know that there is an immunization that you as a parent should get to keep your children safe? English Español

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VIS-Rotavirus Vaccine

VIS-Vacuna contra el rotavirus

Rotavirus commonly causes severe, watery diarrhea, mostly in babies and young children. Vomiting and fever are also common in babies with rotavirus. English Español

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Influenza (Flu): What You Need to Know

Influenza (gripe): Lo que debe saber

Influenza is an illness caused by the influenza virus. While most people experience respiratory symptoms, influenza affects the whole body. Influenza is commonly known as the flu. English Español

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VIS—Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria) Vaccine

Vacuna Td (Td VIS)

Tetanus and diphtheria are very serious diseases. They are rare in the United States today, but people who do become infected often have severe complications. Td vaccine is used to protect adolescents and adults from both of these diseases. English Español

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VIS—Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis) Vaccine

Vacuna Tdap (Tdap VIS)

Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis are very serious diseases. Tdap vaccine can protect us from these diseases. And, Tdap vaccine given to pregnant women can protect newborn babies against pertussis. English Español

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VIS—Dengue Vaccine

VIS—Vacuna contra el dengue

Dengue is caused by one of four viruses spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. English Español

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VIS—Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccine

Vacuna contra la varicela (viruela loca) (Chickenpox VIS)

Chickenpox (also called varicella) is a common childhood disease. It is usually mild, but it can be serious, especially in young infants and adults. English Español

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VIS—Your Child’s First Vaccines

VIS—Las primeras vacunas de su hijo

The vaccines covered on this statement are those most likely to be given during the same visits during infancy and early childhood. English Español

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VIS—COVID-19 Vaccine

Vaccine Information Statement on COVID-19 Vaccine (October 19, 2023). English Español

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Infectious Diseases

Monkeypox (Mpox): What You Need to Know

Viruela del mono o viruela símica: qué debe saber

In the rare event that an adult in your household develops monkeypox, share this information with your pediatrician and discuss what you can do to protect your child from infection. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about monkeypox. English Español

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COVID-19: What Families Need to Know

Nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

COVID-19, discovered in December 2019, quickly became a global pandemic. Doctors and researchers continue to learn more about it every day. Safe and effective vaccines are now available, offering hope for an end to the pandemic. Until everyone is vaccinated, however, the virus continues to spread. English Español

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) - Diagnosed or Suspected

Information and guidance on when COVID-19 is diagnosed or suspected. English

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance for exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. English

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COVID-19 Prevention

Information and guidance on preventing COVID-19 infection. English

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COVID-19 or Influenza - How to Tell

Information and guidance on similarities and differences of COVID-19 and influenza infections. English

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COVID-19 Vaccines - Answers to Common Questions

Answers to common questions about COVID-19 vaccination. English

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Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child

La bronquiolitis y su hijo pequeño (Bronchiolitis and Your Young Child)

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness among infants. One of its symptoms is trouble breathing, which can be scary for parents and young children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bronchiolitis, causes, signs and symptoms, how to treat it, and how to prevent it. English Español

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Common Childhood Infections

Infecciones comunes en la niñez (Common Childhood Infections)

Most infections are caused by germs called viruses and bacteria. While you may be able to keep germs from spreading, you can't always keep your child from getting sick. It is important for parents to know how to keep their children healthy and what to do when they get sick. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about common childhood infections—signs and symptoms, treatments, and when to call your child's doctor. English Español

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HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know

Conozca datos concretos sobre el VIH y el SIDA

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and treatment are very effective at keeping people healthy. In addition, there are things you can do to prevent getting HIV. Read on to learn more about HIV and AIDS and how to keep you and your children healthy. English Español

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Bedbugs—Child Care and Schools

Small insects that feed on human blood by biting through the skin. They are most active between 2:00 and 5:00 am. They can travel 10 to 15 feet to feed and go without feeding for up to 6 months. They cause itchy bites. Bedbugs are not known to transmit or spread disease. English

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Bites (Human and Animal)—Child Care and Schools

Biting is very common among young children but usually does not lead to serious infectious disease issues. If the skin is broken, bacteria introduced into the wound can cause a tissue infection that needs to be treated by a health professional. If blood is drawn into the mouth of the biter or if the biter breaks the skin and has bleeding gums or mouth sores, blood-borne disease could be a concern. Hepatitis B virus, HIV, and hepatitis C virus are examples of blood-borne disease-causing germs. The risk of transmission of these viruses, however, is very low in child care and school settings. For HIV, no known transmission in a child care setting or school has occurred. English

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Boil/Abscess/Cellulitis—Child Care and Schools

These are bacterial infections of the skin that usually begin from a scratch or bug bite and progress to a red nodule that fills with pus. Boils are superficial infections with a thin layer of skin over fluid; abscesses are generally larger and deeper with redness and painful swelling over an area filled with pus. Cellulitis is an infection within the skin and the area just beneath it; the skin is red and tender. The area of cellulitis can spread quickly. English

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Campylobacter—Child Care and Schools

A type of bacteria that can cause infection of the intestines English

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Chickenpox (Varicella-Zoster Infections)—Child Care and Schools

An illness with rash and fever caused by the varicella-zoster virus English

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Clostridioides difficile (Formerly Known as Clostridium difficile; Also Called “C diff”)—Child Care and Schools

A spore- and toxin-forming bacteria that causes diarrhea English

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Cryptosporidiosis—Child Care and Schools

An intestinal infection caused by a parasite (Cryptosporidium hominis or C parvum) English

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection—Child Care and Schools

A viral infection common in children (Up to 70% of normal children aged 1 to 3 years in group care settings excrete cytomegalovirus [CMV].) English

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Dental Caries (Early Childhood Caries, Tooth Decay, or Cavities)—Child Care and Schools

Early childhood caries (commonly called cavities) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Caries are the result of an infectious disease process that damages tooth structure and makes holes in the teeth. The consequences of early childhood caries are much more than unattractive teeth. Early childhood caries can cause severe pain, speech difficulty, and poor nutrition and can spread to cause serious infections. Treatment for caries can require expensive dental services, and younger children often require general anesthesia and treatment in the operating room. English

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Diaper Rash—Child Care and Schools

A shiny red rash, pinker than usual skin, or red bumps in the diaper area that may be caused by a yeast called Candida. There are other causes of diaper rash that produce a similar skin appearance but are not caused by an infection. English

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Diarrhea—Child Care and Schools

An illness in which someone develops more watery and frequent stools than is typical for that person. Diarrhea can be caused by changes in diet, such as drinking excessive amount of fruit juice, eating more than the usual amounts of certain foods, and the use of some medications. Diarrhea also can be the result of a problem with the intestines, such as inability to absorb nutrients or allergy to foods. Infections with some viruses, bacteria, and parasites can cause diarrhea. English

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Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)—Child Care and Schools

Although many types of Escherichia coli (E coli) bacteria live normally in the intestinal tract, at least 5 types are known to cause diarrhea. Shiga toxin–producing E coli has caused numerous outbreaks in group care settings. Infections with Shiga toxin–producing E coli may be associated with other severe problems, such as bleeding from irritation of the bowel, kidney damage, and blood cell damage, also known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Other diarrhea-producing types are enteropathogenic E coli, enteroinvasive E coli, enteroaggregative E coli, and in children and families who travel, enterotoxigenic E coli. English

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Ear Infection—Child Care and Schools

There are 2 common types of ear infections: otitis media (middle ear infection) and otitis externa (swimmer’s ear). Most ear infections of young children occur in the middle ear. English

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Fever—Child Care and Schools

Fever is an elevation of the normal body temperature. Fever is most commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection, but it can be a sign of illnesses not caused by infections, such as exercising in a very warm environment, rheumatoid arthritis, a reaction to a vaccine or medication, or cancer. English

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Fifth Disease (Human Parvovirus B19)—Child Care and Schools

Common viral infection with rash occurring 1 to 3 weeks after infection English

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Giardiasis—Child Care and Schools

An intestinal infection caused by a parasite (Giardia intestinalis) English

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Haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib)—Child Care and Schools

Depends on the site of infection. May include English

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Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease—Child Care and Schools

A common set of symptoms associated with viral infections that are most frequently seen in the summer and fall. Despite its scary name, this illness generally is mild. Most commonly caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71. English

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Hepatitis A Infection—Child Care and Schools

Fecal-oral route: Contact with feces of children who are infected. This generally involves an infected child contaminating his own fingers, then touching an object that another child touches. The child who touched the contaminated surface then puts her fingers into her own mouth or another person’s mouth. English

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Hepatitis B Infection—Child Care and Schools

Yes, if a child with known hepatitis B exhibits any of the following: English

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Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores)—Child Care and Schools

In early childhood, herpes simplex virus most commonly causes blister-like sores in the mouth and around the lips and on skin that is in contact with the mouth, such as a sucked thumb or finger. English

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HIV/AIDS—Child Care and Schools

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects the body in a wide variety of ways. In the most severe infection, the virus progressively destroys the body’s immune system, causing a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). With early testing and appropriate treatment, children in the United States rarely develop the severe symptoms of HIV infection. English

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Impetigo—Child Care and Schools

Impetigo is a common skin infection caused by streptococcal or staphylococcal bacteria. English

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Influenza—Child Care and Schools

A contagious disease caused by a group of respiratory viruses called influenza viruses English

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Lice (Pediculosis Capitis)—Child Care and Schools

Yes, at the end of the program or school day. English

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Lyme Disease (and Other Tick-borne Diseases)—Child Care and Schools

An infection caused by a type of bacteria, known as spirochetes, that is transmitted when particular types of ticks attach to a person’s skin and feed on that person’s blood. These ticks are very small, only a few millimeters (about the size of a freckle); the ticks that transit Lyme disease are found mainly in the Northeast and Midwest and on the West Coast. English

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Measles—Child Care and Schools

Yes. English

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Meningitis—Child Care and Schools

An infectious disease causing swelling or inflammation of the tissue covering the spinal cord and brain. English

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Molluscum Contagiosum—Child Care and Schools

A skin disease caused by a virus, somewhat similar to warts English

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Mononucleosis—Child Care and Schools

A disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; the illness is commonly known as mono. English

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Mosquito-borne Diseases—Child Care and Schools

Through the bite of an infected mosquito. West Nile disease may also be spread by blood transfusion and organ donation. English

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Mouth Sores—Child Care and Schools

Herpes simplex virus, canker sores, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and thrush English

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Mumps—Child Care and Schools

A viral illness with swelling of one or more of the salivary glands English

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Norovirus—Child Care and Schools

A virus that causes diarrhea and vomiting. A leading cause of diarrhea in the United States. English

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Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis)—Child Care and Schools

Inflammation (ie, redness, swelling) of the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids English

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Pinworms—Child Care and Schools

Small, white, threadlike worms (0.25″–0.5″ long) that live in the large intestine English

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Pneumonia—Child Care and Schools

An inflammation of the lungs primarily caused by a viral or, less commonly, bacterial infection. Infection of the lungs often is secondary to an infection that starts in the nose and throat area (ie, the upper portion of the respiratory tract) and then spreads to the lungs (ie, the lower portion of the respiratory tract). The infection can start in the lungs from an infection brought there by the blood (especially pneumonia caused by bacterial infection). English

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)—Child Care and Schools

A virus that causes the common cold and other respiratory signs or symptoms English

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Ringworm—Child Care and Schools

A fungal infection that may affect the body, feet, or scalp English

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Roseola (Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7)—Child Care and Schools

A viral infection causing fever or rash in infants and children that primarily occurs between 6 and 24 months of age English

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Rotavirus—Child Care and Schools

Fecal-oral route: Contact with feces of children who are infected. This generally involves an infected child contaminating his own fingers, then touching an object that another child touches. The child who touched the contaminated surface then puts her fingers into her own mouth or another person’s mouth. English

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Rubella (German measles)—Child Care and Schools

A mild viral infection usually lasting 3 days that is now rare in the United States because of routine immunization. English

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Salmonella—Child Care and Schools

Salmonella is an intestinal infection caused by Salmonella bacteria. English

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Scabies—Child Care and Schools

An infestation of the skin by small insects called mites English

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Shigella—Child Care and Schools

An intestinal infection caused by the Shigella bacteria English

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Shingles (Herpes Zoster)—Child Care and Schools

An infection caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster (chickenpox) virus within the body of someone who previously had chickenpox or (rarely) someone who had received the chickenpox vaccine in the past English

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Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin-Resistant [MRSA] and Methicillin-Sensitive [MSSA])—Child Care and Schools

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of bacteria that primarily causes skin infections, although these bacteria can cause pneumonia, bone, joint, and blood infections less commonly. English

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Strep Throat (Streptococcal Pharyngitis) and Scarlet Fever—Child Care and Schools

A disease caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria English

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Sty—Child Care and Schools

A mild infection in the eyelid at the base of the eyelashes or near the edge of the eyelid English

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Thrush (Candidiasis)—Child Care and Schools

A yeast infection predominately produced by Candida albicans organisms causing mouth infections in young infants English

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Tuberculosis (TB)—Child Care and Schools

A disease caused by an infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually involves the lungs but could affect other parts of the body English

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Upper Respiratory Infection (Common Cold)—Child Care and Schools

The term upper respiratory infection usually refers to a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (ie, nose, throat, ears, and eyes). Upper respiratory infections are common among infants in child care (10–12 per year) but become less common as children mature. Older children and adults have an average of 4 upper respiratory infections per year. English

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Urinary Tract Infection—Child Care and Schools

An infection of one or more parts of the urinary system. The urinary system includes the kidneys, the tubes that join the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), the bladder, and the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside (the urethra). English

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Vomiting—Child Care and Schools

If the vomiting is associated with an infection, the incubation and contagious periods depend on the type of germ causing the infection. English

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Warts (Human Papillomavirus)—Child Care and Schools

Warts are skin infections caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). English

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Whooping Cough (Pertussis)—Child Care and Schools

A contagious and fairly common bacterial infection that causes a range of illnesses, from mild cough to severe disease English

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Pinkeye and Your Child

La conjuntivitis y su hijo (Pinkeye and Your Child)

Pinkeye (acute contagious conjunctivitis) occurs when the thin tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids is red or swollen (inflamed). English Español

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Pneumonia and Your Child

La neumonía y su hijo (Pneumonia and Your Child)

After an exam, the doctor may order a blood test or an x-ray. These tests can help your doctor decide how to treat your child's infection. If your child needs medicine, be sure you know the right amount, when to give the medicine, and if you should give food with it. If you forget or don't understand the instructions on the medicine label, call the doctor or your pharmacist for help. English Español

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Your Child Has a Sore Throat: What's the Cause?

Su hijo tiene dolor de garganta: ¿qué causa el dolor? (Your Child Has a Sore Throat: What's the Cause?)

A sore throat is one of the most common concerns among parents of school-aged children. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about sore throats and their causes. Also included is information about strep throat tests, tonsillitis, how to prevent the spread of germs, and when to call the doctor. English Español

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Mouth / Teeth / Throat Symptoms

Tongue - Unusual Color

Information and guidance on what to do when the color of the tongue's surface has changed. English

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Tooth Decay Prevention

Information and guidance on preventing tooth decay in children. English

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Neck Or Back Symptoms

Mumps Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance on exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed mumps when child has no rash or other symptoms of mumps. English

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Newborn Or Infant Problems

Newborn Skin Care

Information and guidance on newborn skin care. English

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Jaundice - Symptom

Information and guidance on jaundice. English

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Newborn Equipment and Supplies

Information and guidance on essential baby items. English

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Newborn - Taking Care of Mom

Information and guidance for new mothers. English

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Cow's Milk Allergy - Infants

Information and guidance on cow's milk allergy in infants. English

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Newborn - Taking Care of Baby

Information and guidance on taking care of your new baby. English

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Newborns Infants And Toddlers

1 to 2 Years: Safety for Your Child

De 1 a 2 Años

Did you know that injuries are the leading cause of death of children younger than 4 years in the United States? Most of these injuries can be prevented. English Español

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2 to 4 Years: Safety for Your Child

DE 2 A 4 AÑOS

TIPP SHEETS: Injuries are the leading cause of death in children younger than 4 years in the United States, and most of these injuries can be prevented. Firearms in the home, poisons, falls, burns, drowning, and poor safety practices while driving with your child in a car all pose serious threats. These issues should be approached with increased caution. English Español

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6 to 12 Months: Safety for Your Child

DE 6 A 12 MESES

Did you know that hundreds of children younger than 1 year die every year in the United States because of injuries — most of which can be prevented? English Español

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A Parent's Guide to Water Safety

Guía para padres sobre la seguridad en el agua: (A Parent's Guide to Water Safety)

Drowning is one of the top causes of injury and death in children. Children can drown in pools, rivers, ponds, lakes, or oceans. They can even drown in a few inches of water in bathtubs, toilets, and large buckets. English

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Acute Ear Infections and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y las infecciones de oído agudas (Acute Ear Infections and Your Child)

Next to the common cold, an ear infection is the most common childhood illness. In fact, most children have at least one ear infection by the time they are 3 years old. Many ear infections clear up without causing any lasting problems. English Español

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Adoption: How to Talk With Your Child About Being Adopted

Adopción: Cómo decirle a su hijo que es adoptado

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to talk with your child about being adopted. English Español

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Airbags: Important Safety Information

Airbags: Información importante de seguridad

Airbags can protect teen and adult lives when used with seat belts. However, airbags are dangerous for babies and young children. Here is important safety information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about airbags and car safety seats. English Español

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Allergies in Children

Alergias en los niños (Allergies in Children)

Allergy describes a condition involving the immune system that causes sneezing and itching, chronic rashes, wheezing, or even life-threatening allergic reactions. Whether minor or serious, there are things you can do to prevent or control most allergic problems. The more you know about allergies—the symptoms, causes, and treatments—the more prepared you will be to help your child. Read on to find out more. English Español

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Anemia in Children and Teens

La anemia en niños y adolescentes

Anemia can make your child appear pale in color and feel cranky, tired, or weak. Though these symptoms may worry you, the most common causes of anemia—such as iron deficiency—are generally easy to treat, especially when anemia is detected early. English Español

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Antibiotics Aren't Always Needed

La salud de su hijo y los antibióticos

Parents need to know that using antibiotics when they are not the right medicine will not help and may even cause harm to children. English Español

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Toilet Training—Autism Toolkit

Aprender a ir al baño

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have slowed development, may be stuck on their own routines, or may be nervous about learning a new skill. They may not understand how to copy the steps using the toilet, or they may not understand the words parents are using. Many children with ASD may toilet train at a later age than typically developing children. English Español

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Asthma and Your Child

El asma y su hijo

This handout informs parents about asthma, including information about asthma symptoms, triggers, treatments, medicines, and how to communicate with your child's school. English Español

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Baby Walkers: Important Safety Information

Andadores: Información importante de seguridad

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about why baby walkers are not safe and what you can do. English Español

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Babysitting Reminders

Parents should: Meet the siiter and check references and training in advance. | Be certain the sitter has had first aid training and knows CPR. | Be sure the sitter is at least 13 years old and mature enough to handle common emergencies. English

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Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play

Boca arriba para dormir, boca abajo para jugar (Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play)

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics for parents and caregivers about doing tummy time with babies and creating a safe sleep environment for them. English Español

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Bedwetting

Enuresis nocturna

Bedwetting is not a serious medical condition, but it can be a challenging problem for children and parents. Read on to find out more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about bedwetting and what can be done about it. English Español

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Bedwetting

Orinar o mojar la cama (Bedwetting)

Most children learn to use the toilet between 2 and 4 years of age. Even after children are toilet-trained, they may wet the bed until they are older. It's even common for 6-year-olds to wet the bed once in a while. Some children still wet the bed at age 12. English Español

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Birth to 6 Months: Safety for Your Child

Del Nacimiento A Los 6 Meses

Did you know that hundreds of children younger than 1 year die every year in the United States because of injuries — most of which could be prevented? English Español

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Preterm Babies: At the Hospital

Bebés prematuros: en el hospital

Preterm (premature) birth occurs in about 10% of pregnancies in the United States. For twins, triplets, and other multiple deliveries, that number jumps to almost 60%. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics for parents of preterm babies—what to expect after birth at the hospital. English Español

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Preterm Babies: Health Concerns

Bebés prematuros: preocupaciones de seguridad

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about some of the most common conditions that occur in preterm infants. English Español

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Breastfeeding Your Baby: Caring For Your Breasts

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics on how to care for your breasts during pregnancy and breastfeeding. English Español

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Breastfeeding Record for Baby’s First Week

PDF only English

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Breastfeeding Your Baby: Getting Started

Cómo amamantar a su bebé: primeros pasos

Getting ready for the birth of your baby is an exciting and busy time. One of the most important decisions you will make is how to feed your baby. English Español

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Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: What Parents and Caregivers Need to Know

Evento breve inexplicable resuelto: lo que los padres y cuidadores deben saber (Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: What Parents and Caregivers Need to Know)

A brief resolved unexplained event (or BRUE for short) occurs suddenly and can be scary for parents and caregivers. A brief resolved unexplained event is a diagnosis made after your baby’s doctor or health care professional has examined your baby and determined that there was no known concerning cause for the event. English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 1 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica de 1 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 12 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 12 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 15 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 15 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 18 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 18 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: First Week Visit (3 to 5 Days)

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita de la primera semana (entre 3 y 5 días)

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family. English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2½ Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2½ año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 4 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 4 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 6 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 6 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 9 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 9 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Car Safety Seat Checkup

Revisión de asientos de seguridad para el automóvil (Car Safety Seat Checkup)

Using a car safety seat correctly makes a big difference. Even the right seat for your child's size may not properly protect your child in a crash unless it is used correctly. So take a minute to check to be sure. English Español

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Car Safety Seats Product Information

Información del producto de los asientos de seguridad para el automóvil

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Car Safety Seats Guide

Guía de asientos de seguridad para el automóvil

Here is more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about choosing the most appropriate car safety seat for your child. English Español

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Care of the Uncircumcised Penis

Cuidado del pene no circuncidado (Care of the Uncircumcised Penis)

At birth, boys have skin that covers the end of the penis, called the foreskin. One choice you will make for your new baby boy is whether to have him circumcised. Circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes the foreskin, exposing the tip of the penis. English Español

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Childproofing Your Home

Prepare su casa a prueba de niños (Childproofing Your Home)

Children are naturally curious and love to explore. Young children especially like to explore by putting things in their mouths. Before or as soon as children begin crawling or walking, parents and caregivers need to take extra steps to make sure harmful items are out of reach, out of sight, and locked up if possible. English Español

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Choking Prevention and First Aid for Infants and Children

Prevención de asfixia y primeros auxilios para bebés y niños (Choking Prevention and First Aid for Infants and Children)

When children begin crawling, or eating table foods, parents must be aware of the dangers and risks of choking. Children younger than 5 years can easily choke on food and small objects. English Español

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Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?

Cómo elegir cuidado infantil de calidad: ¿Qué es lo mejor para su familia?: (Choosing Quality Child Care: What's Best for Your Family?)

Finding high-quality child care is very important but not always easy. Your choice will play a key role in your child's health and development. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about child care options to help you in your search for what's best for your family. English Español

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Circumcision: What You Need to Know

Circuncisión: Información para los padres

Parents have different opinions about newborn circumcision based on medical, religious, cultural, and ethnic traditions, and personal reasons. Some parents choose circumcision. Some parents do not choose circumcision. Parents who are undecided should talk with their child's doctor before their child is born. They can learn about the benefits and risks of circumcision to help them choose what is best for their son. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about circumcision. English Español

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Common Childhood Infections

Infecciones comunes en la niñez (Common Childhood Infections)

Most infections are caused by germs called viruses and bacteria. While you may be able to keep germs from spreading, you can't always keep your child from getting sick. It is important for parents to know how to keep their children healthy and what to do when they get sick. Read on to learn more from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about common childhood infections—signs and symptoms, treatments, and when to call your child's doctor. English Español

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Croup

Crup: Croup

Croup is an infection that makes the inside of your child's throat swell up. This makes it hard for your child to breathe. It can be scary for both parents and children. English Español

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Croup and Your Young Child

El crup y su hijo pequeño (Croup and Your Young Child)

Croup is a common illness in young children. It can be scary for parents as well as children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about croup, including types, causes, symptoms, and treatments. English Español

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Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby

El llanto y su bebé: Cómo calmar a un bebé fastidioso o con cólicos (Crying and Your Baby: How to Calm a Fussy or Colicky Baby)

Babies cry for different reasons. Crying is one way babies try to tell us what they need. They may be hungry, have a soiled diaper, or just want a little attention. (See checklist at the bottom.) If a crying baby cannot be comforted, the cause may be colic. Read on about colic and ways to calm a crying baby. English Español

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Dangers of Secondhand Smoke

Los peligros del humo de segunda mano (Dangers of Secondhand Smoke)

Even if you don’t smoke, breathing in someone else’s smoke can be deadly too. Secondhand smoke causes about 3,000 deaths from lung cancer and tens of thousands of deaths from heart disease to nonsmoking adults in the United States each year. English Español

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Diaper Rash and Your baby

El eritema del pañal y su bebé

Most babies get diaper rash, but it is usually not serious. Read on to find out more about what causes diaper rash and how to treat it. English Español

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Diarrhea and Your Child

La diarrea y su hijo (Diarrhea and Your Child)

Diarrhea can be acute (lasts a short time) or chronic (lasting more than 2 weeks). Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about acute diarrhea, as well as how to manage the symptoms, and how to help reduce your child’s chances of getting diarrhea. English Español

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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) and Your Child

El eccema (dermatitis atópica) y su hijo (Eczema [Atopic Dermatitis] and Your Child)

Eczema is a chronic skin problem that causes dry, red, itchy skin. It is also called atopic dermatitis or AD. Anyone can get eczema, but it is most common in babies to young adults. English Español

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Febrile Seizures

Convulsiones febriles (Febrile Seizures)

In some children, fevers can trigger seizures. Febrile seizures occur in 2% to 5% of all children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. Seizures, sometimes called “fits” or “spells,” are frightening, but they usually are harmless. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics that will help you understand febrile seizures and what happens if your child has one. English Español

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Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles

Alimentar a los niños correctamente no siempre es fácil: Consejos para prevenir problemas de comida (Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles)

Young children need nutrients from a variety of foods to stay healthy. But what if your child only eats macaroni and cheese or will not eat any vegetables? English Español

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Fever and Your Child

La fiebre y su hijo: (Fever and Your Child)

A fever is usually a sign that the body is fighting an illness or infection. Fevers are generally harmless. In fact, they can be considered a good sign that your child's immune system is working and the body is trying to heal itself. While it is important to look for the cause of a fever, the main purpose for treating it is to help your child feel better if he is uncomfortable or has pain. English Español

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Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe

Diversión al sol: proteja a su familia (Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe)

Warm, sunny days are wonderful. It's great to exercise outside, and the sun feels good on your skin. But what feels good can harm you and your family. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to keep your family safe from the sun’s harmful rays. English Español

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Giving Medicine to Children: Important Safety Information

Una guía para los medicamentos de su hijo (A Guide to Your Child’s Medicines)

Giving medicine in the right way can help your child feel better and get well. However, medicine information and labels can be confusing. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about prescription and over-the-counter medicines, how to give medicine in the right way, and how to prevent medicine mistakes. English Español

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Growing Independence: Tips for Parents of Young Children

English

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Haemophilus influenzae Type b

La haemophilus influenzae tipo B: Recomendaciones para los padres ( Haemophilus influenzae type b)

(Please see the related Vaccine Information Statement, Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know) English Español

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Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know

Inyección contra la hepatitis B: Lo que los padres necesitan saber (Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know)

Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lifelong HBV infection can lead to liver cancer or scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). More than 1 million people in the United States are living with lifelong HBV infection. Anyone can get infected with HBV, including your child. English Español

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C (Hepatitis C)

Anyone can get infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), the virus that causes hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a liver infection that can lead to serious liver problems and possibly death. Although most children and adolescents recover from the initial phase of HCV infection, 70% to 80% of acute infections become chronic. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about HCV symptoms, how HCV is spread, and ways to reduce the risk of an HCV infection. English Español

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Hip Dysplasia (Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip)

Displasia de cadera: (Displasia en el desarrollo de la cadera) (Hip Dysplasia [Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip])

Hip dysplasia is not always detectable at birth or during well-child visits. However, it is important for hip dysplasia, once found, to be evaluated by an expert and treated if needed. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about hip dysplasia, including risk factors and treatment. English Español

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Home Safety Checklist

Lista de control para la seguridad en el hogar (Home Safety Checklist)

Is your house a safe place for your child to live and play? The following safety checklist can help you prevent serious injuries or even death. Though it addresses common safety concerns, it's important to remember that every house is different and no checklist is complete. Because there may be other safety concerns in your house, a more thorough safety check is recommended at least every 6 months. English Español

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Home Water Hazards for Young Children

Each year many young children drown in swimming pools, other bodies of water, and standing water around the home. Children must be watched by an adult at all times when in or near water. Children may drown in an inch or 2 of water. English

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How Do Infants Learn?

¿Cómo Aprenden Los Bebés? (How do Infants Learn?)

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How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby

Cómo prevenir las caries dentales en su bebé (How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby)

Baby teeth are important. If baby teeth are lost too early, the teeth that are left may move and not leave any room for adult teeth to come in. Also, if tooth decay is not prevented, it can be costly to treat, cause pain, and lead to life-threatening infections. English Español

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How to Take Your Child's Temperature

Cómo tomarle la temperatura a su niño (How to Take Your Child's Temperature)

Your temperature (TEM-pruh-chur) is how warm or cold your body is. Normal temperature for a child is 98°F to 99°F or 37°C. Anything over 100.4°F or 38°C is a fever. English Español

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Imaging Tests: A Look Inside Your Child's Body

Pruebas de imagenología: Un vistazo dentro del cuerpo de su hijo

Imaging tests are used to “look” inside the body. They can help diagnose injuries and illnesses from broken bones to cancer. Some tests can find problems before symptoms appear. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about imaging tests. English Español

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Immunizations: What You Need To Know

Vacunas: Lo que debe saber (Immunizations: What You Need to Know)

Immunizations have helped children stay healthy for more than 50 years. They are safe and they work. In fact, serious side effects are no more common than those from other types of medication. Vaccinations have reduced the number of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases by more than 90%! Yet many parents still question their safety because of misinformation they've received. That's why it's important to turn to a reliable and trusted source, including your child's doctor, for information. The following are answers to common questions parents have about immunizations. English Español

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Infant Furniture: Cribs

English

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Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child

Su hijo y los corticoesteroides inhalables e intranasales (Inhaled and Intranasal Corticosteroids and Your Child)

If your child has asthma or allergic rhinitis (hay fever), your pediatrician may prescribe a corticosteroid, also commonly referred to as a steroid. These medicines are the best available to decrease the swelling and irritation (inflammation) that occurs with persistent asthma or allergy. They are not the same as the anabolic steroids that are used illegally by some athletes to build muscles. English Español

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Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?

¿Se comunica su niño pequeño con usted? (Is Your Toddler Communicating With You?)

Your baby is able to communicate with you long before he or she speaks a single word! A baby's cry, smile, and responses to you help you to understand his or her needs. In this publication the American Academy of Pediatrics shares information about how children communicate and what to do when there are concerns about delays in development. English Español

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Jaundice and Your Newborn

La ictericia y su recién nacido

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about jaundice, bilirubin levels, treatment of jaundice, when to follow up after discharge, and when to call the doctor. English Español

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Keep Your Family Safe: Fire Safety and Burn Prevention at Home

Proteja a su familia: Prevención de incendios y quemaduras en el hogar

Fires and burns cause almost 4,000 deaths and about 20,000 hospitalizations every year. Winter is an especially dangerous time, as space heaters, fireplaces, and candles get more use in the home. It is no surprise that fires in the home are more common between December and February. However, you might be surprised at how easy it is to reduce the risk of fire in your home. Follow these suggestions to help keep your home and family safe from fire all year round. English Español

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Lead Is a Poison: What You Need to Know

El plomo es una sustancia tóxica: Lo que debe saber

Lead in the body can affect child development and behavior. Lead is a metal that is found in a lot of places. Although you can’t usually see lead, you can do things to prevent your child from being exposed to it. No safe level of lead has been identified for children. Children have the most risk factors because they often put their hands and objects into their mouths and their growing bodies tend to easily absorb what they eat. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand how lead can be harmful, where it may be found, and what they can do to keep their children safe. English Español

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Lyme Disease

Enfermedad de Lyme (Lyme Disease)

Lyme disease is an important public health problem in some areas of the United States. Since its discovery in Lyme, CT, in 1975, thousands of cases of the disease have been reported across the United States and around the world. By knowing more about the disease and how to prevent it, you can help keep your family safe from the effects of Lyme disease. English Español

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Managing Chronic Health Needs in Child Care and Schools—Preterm Newborns (Preemies): An Overview

One in 10 babies (9.6%) was born prematurely in the United States in 2016. English

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Diaper Rash—Child Care and Schools

A shiny red rash, pinker than usual skin, or red bumps in the diaper area that may be caused by a yeast called Candida. There are other causes of diaper rash that produce a similar skin appearance but are not caused by an infection. English

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Medicine and the Media: How to Make Sense of the Messages

La medicina y la prensa: Cómo darle sentido a los mensajes que recibimos

Your child is sick or hurt and the first thought on your mind is, “How can I make my child better?” That's natural. No parent wants his or her child to suffer. So how do you decide what medicines to give or treatments to try? English Español

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Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y el líquido en el oído medio (Middle Ear Fluid and Your Child)

The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that is usually filled with air. When a child has middle ear fluid (otitis media with effusion), it means that a watery or mucus-like fluid has collected in the middle ear. Otitis media means middle ear inflammation, and effusion means fluid. English Español

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Minor Head Injuries in Children

Lesiones leves en la cabeza durante la niñez (Minor Head Injuries in Children)

Almost all children bump their heads every now and then. While these injuries can be upsetting, most head injuries are minor and do not cause serious problems. In very rare cases, problems can occur after a minor bump on the head. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand the difference between a head injury that needs only a comforting hug and one that requires immediate medical attention. English Español

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Newborn Hearing Screening and Your Baby

Prueba de detección auditiva para recién nacidos y su bebé (Newborn Hearing Screening and Your Baby)

Before you bring your newborn home from the hospital, your baby needs to have a hearing screening. English Español

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Parenting Your Infant

La crianza de su bebito (Parenting Your Infant)

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Insect Repellents: What Parents Need to Know

Repelentes de insectos: Lo que los padres deben saber (Insect Repellents: What Parents Need to Know)

Mosquitoes, biting flies, and tick bites can make children miserable. While most children have only mild reactions to insect bites, some children can become very sick. Some insects carry dangerous germs such as West Nile virus, Lyme disease bacteria, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever bacteria. English Español

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A Parent's Guide to Toy Safety

Juguetes seguros: Una guía para los padres (A Parent's Guide to Toy Safety)

Children can have a lot of fun playing with their toys. However, it's important to keep in mind that safety should always come first. Each year thousands of children are injured by toys. English Español

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Playing Is How Toddlers Learn

El juego infantil es la via para aprender

English Español

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Pneumococcal Infections

Infeccion por neumococo (Pneumococcal Infections)

Meningitis (brain), Bacteremia (bloodstream), Pneumonia (lungs), Sinusitis (sinus membranes), and Otitis media (ears). These infections can be dangerous to very young children, the elderly, and people with certain high-risk health conditions. English Español

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Protect Your Child From Poison

Proteja a su hijo de las intoxicaciones

Children can get very sick if they come in contact with medicines, household products, pesticides, chemicals, or cosmetics. This can happen at any age and can cause serious reactions. However, most children who come in contact with these things are not permanently hurt if they are treated right away. English Español

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Protect Your Child…Prevent Poisoning

Young children may put anything in their mouths. This is part of learning. Many household products can be poisonous if swallowed, if in contact with the skin or eyes, or if inhaled. English

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Protect Yourself and Help Protect Your Baby: Information for New Moms on the Tdap Vaccine

Protéjase y ayude a proteger a su bebé: Información para nuevas mamás sobre la vacuna Tdap (Protect Yourself and Help Protect Your Baby: Information for New Moms on the Tdap Vaccine)

Congratulations on your new baby! Your baby is the greatest gift you will ever receive. One of your biggest jobs as a parent is to keep your child safe and healthy. One way do this is to make sure your children get all the immunizations they need to protect them from different diseases. But did you know that there is an immunization that you as a parent should get to keep your children safe? English Español

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How to Prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome and Other Forms of Abusive Head Trauma

Cómo prevenir el síndrome del bebé sacudido y otras formas de traumatismo de cráneo por abuso (How to Prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome and Other Forms of Abusive Head Trauma)

One of the skills parents and caregivers need to learn is how to deal with stress. This is especially important when there seems to be no end to a baby's crying. Too often, when a parent or caregiver loses control the results can be harmful or deadly. English Español

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Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices

Clasificaciones: cómo realizar elecciones saludables sobre los medios de comunicación (Ratings: Making Healthy Media Choices)

Research has shown that children are influenced by what they see and hear, especially at very young ages. To help parents make informed choices about what their children see and hear, many entertainment companies use ratings systems. Ratings give parents more information about the content of television (TV) programs, movies, music, or computer and video games. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about ratings and how you can help your children make healthy media choices. English Español

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Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children

Bien desde el comienzo: el ABC de una buena nutrición durante la niñez (Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children)

As a parent, you are interested in your child's health. Your role is to provide healthy food in appropriate portions, and your child's role is to decide how much to eat. That is why it is important to understand how to provide healthy choices for your child. English Español

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Safe Sleep and Your Baby: How Parents Can Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Suffocation

Sueño seguro y su bebé: Cómo pueden los padres reducir el riesgo de SIDS y asfixia (Safe Sleep and Your Baby: How Parents Can Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Suffocation)

Many infants die during sleep from unsafe sleep environments. Some of these deaths are from entrapment, suffocation, and strangulation. Some infants die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, there are ways for parents to keep their sleeping baby safe. English Español

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Safety of Blood Transfusions

Seguridad de las transfusiones de sangre (Safety of Blood Transfusions)

Because of illness or injury, some children need to receive transfusions of blood and blood products. This procedure may be frightening for parents and their children. Many parents are also concerned about the safety of transfusions. While blood supply in the United States is considered very safe, parents should know a few things about blood transfusions and the safety of blood products for children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about blood and blood transfusions. English Español

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Influenza (Flu): What You Need to Know

Influenza (gripe): Lo que debe saber

Influenza is an illness caused by the influenza virus. While most people experience respiratory symptoms, influenza affects the whole body. Influenza is commonly known as the flu. English Español

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Sinusitis and Your Child

La sinusitis y su hijo (Sinusitis and Your Child)

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the lining of the nose and sinuses. It is a very common infection in children. English Español

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Your Child’s Sleep Diary

Diario de sueño de su hijo

Children differ in how much sleep they need, how long it takes them to fall asleep, and how easily they wake up. If you are concerned about your child’s sleep habits, talk with your child’s doctor. Your child’s doctor may ask you to keep a sleep diary to help track your child’s sleep habits. English Español

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Sleep Problems in Children

Problemas de sueño en los niños

Sleep problems are very common during the first few years of life. Problems may include waking up during the night, not wanting to go to sleep, nightmares, sleepwalking, and bedwetting. If frantic upset persists with no apparent cause, call your child's doctor. English Español

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Sleeping Well: Tips for Parents of Babies and Young Children

Cómo dormir bien: Consejos para padres de bebés y niños pequeños

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help ensure a good night’s sleep for children—and parents too! English Español

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Start Reading to Your Child Early

Léale temprano a su niño (Start Reading to Your Child Early)

A baby can enjoy books by 6 months of age! Here are things you can do with your child at different ages to help your child learn to love words and books. English Español

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Starting Solid Foods

Comienzo de la alimentación sólida

Rice, oatmeal, or barley? What infant cereal or other food will be on the menu for your baby's first solid meal? And have you set a date? English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Las rabietas o berrinches (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for a young child to hold strong feelings inside. Young children often cry, scream, or stomp up and down when they are upset. As a parent, you may feel angry, helpless, or ashamed. English Español

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Temper Tantrums

Berrinches o rabietas (Temper Tantrums)

It's hard for young children to hold strong feelings inside. When they feel frustrated or angry, they often cry, scream, or stomp up and down. This is a temper tantrum. Temper tantrums are a normal part of your child's development. They usually begin around age 12 to 18 months, get worse between 2 and 3 years, then taper off after that, once children are able to use words to communicate their wants and needs. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand temper tantrums and how best to deal with them. English Español

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Toilet Training

Aprender a ir al baño

Teaching your child how to use the toilet takes time and patience. Each child learns to use the toilet in his or her own time. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help guide you and your child through the process. English Español

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Welcome to the World of Parenting!

English

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Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play

Los niños pequeños aprenden mucho jugando (Young Children Learn A Lot When They Play)

When young children play with children close to their own age, they learn: how to cooperate, when to lead and when to follow, and how to solve problems. Read more about the importance of play for children. English Español

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VIS—Your Child’s First Vaccines

VIS—Las primeras vacunas de su hijo

The vaccines covered on this statement are those most likely to be given during the same visits during infancy and early childhood. English Español

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Your Baby's First Steps

Los primeros pasos de su bebé

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help prepare you for your baby’s first steps. English Español

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When a Baby’s Head Is Misshapen: Positional Skull Deformities

Cuando la cabeza de un bebé se deforma: deformidad craneal postural

Many parents wonder if the shape of their newborn's head is normal. Maybe it seems a bit flat in the back or uneven on one side. Most of these slight imperfections happen when infants spend too much time in one position such as in a crib, a car safety seat, or an infant carrier. The good news is that most of the time the shape of the head returns to normal on its own by simply changing your baby's position regularly. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to answer questions from parents about their newborn's head shape. English Español

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Your Child and the Environment

Su hijo y el medio ambiente (Your Child and the Environment)

Environmental dangers are everywhere. Most of these dangers are more harmful to children than adults. However, there are things you can do to reduce your child's contact with them. Read more to learn about how to protect your family from environmental dangers. English Español

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Your Child is on the Move: Reduce the Risk of Gun Injury

English

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Your Preemie’s Growth: Developmental Milestones

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about developmental milestones for your preterm baby (also known as preemie). English Español

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Nose Symptoms

Colds - Frequent but Normal

Information and guidance on the common cold. English

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Nasal Rinse - If Child Can Blow Nose

Information and guidance on how to perform nasal rinse. English

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Nasal Suction - If Child Can't Blow Nose

Information and guidance on how to perform nasal suction. English

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Newborn Nasal Congestion - Normal

Information and guidance on nasal congestion in newborns. English

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Nutrition And Healthy Living

Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles

Alimentar a los niños correctamente no siempre es fácil: Consejos para prevenir problemas de comida (Feeding Kids Right Isn't Always Easy: Tips for Preventing Food Hassles)

Young children need nutrients from a variety of foods to stay healthy. But what if your child only eats macaroni and cheese or will not eat any vegetables? English Español

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Get Fit, Stay Healthy

Ponte en forma, mantén tu salud (Get Fit, Stay Healthy)

Any type of regular physical activity can improve your fitness and your health—even walking, taking the stairs, or mowing the lawn. The most important thing is that you keep moving! English Español

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Growing Up Healthy: Fat, Cholesterol and More

Crecimiento saludable: grasas, colesterol y más (Growing Up Healthy: Fat, Cholesterol, and More)

Many Americans consume too many calories and too much fat, especially saturated fat, trans fat, and sugar. These eating patterns are one cause of America's high rates of obesity and heart disease. English Español

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Lactose Intolerance and Your Child

La salud de su hijo y la intolerancia a la lactosa (Lactose Intolerance and Your Child)

After drinking milk or eating ice cream, does your child have stomach cramps or get diarrhea? If so, your child may have lactose intolerance. English Español

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More Fiber for your Children? Yes! Here's Why and How.

¿Más fibra para sus hijos? ¡Sí! Aquí le explicamos por qué y cómo. (More Fiber for your Children? Yes! Here's Why and How.)

Fiber is an important nutrient that most children (and parents) are not getting enough of each day. As parents, you do your best to feed your family healthy foods, but you may need help with choosing good sources of fiber. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about fiber. English Español

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Raw Milk: What You Need to Know

Leche cruda: lo que usted debe saber (Raw Milk: What You Need to Know)

Raw milk is milk that comes straight from a cow, sheep, or goat. Raw milk is not pasteurized (heated to kill germs) or homogenized (processed to keep the cream from separating from the milk). English Español

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Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children

Bien desde el comienzo: el ABC de una buena nutrición durante la niñez (Right From the Start: ABCs of Good Nutrition for Young Children)

As a parent, you are interested in your child's health. Your role is to provide healthy food in appropriate portions, and your child's role is to decide how much to eat. That is why it is important to understand how to provide healthy choices for your child. English Español

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Starting Solid Foods

Comienzo de la alimentación sólida

Rice, oatmeal, or barley? What infant cereal or other food will be on the menu for your baby's first solid meal? And have you set a date? English Español

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Tips for Healthy Families: More and Less

Consejos Para Familias Sanas: Los más y los menos (Tips for Healthy Families: More and Less)

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Americans are not getting enough potassium, dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin D in their diets and consume too much sugar, sodium (salt), and fat. Here are tips to help you and your family make more healthy choices and less unhealthy choices. Start with small changes. Remember that parents are important role models and what children learn early on can carry through adulthood. English Español

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What's to Eat? Healthy Foods for Hungry Children

Qué hay de comer: alimentos saludables para niños hambrientos (What's to Eat: Healthy Foods for Hungry Children)

Young children need a variety of foods to get the energy they need to grow up healthy. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) on creative ways to serve up breakfast and lunch, tips for picky eaters, and how to make healthy fast-food choices. Also read some tips about food safety, choking hazards, food allergies, and microwave safety. If you have specific questions about your child's nutrition, talk with your child's doctor or a registered dietitian. English Español

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Pediatric Care

Monkeypox (Mpox): What You Need to Know

Viruela del mono o viruela símica: qué debe saber

In the rare event that an adult in your household develops monkeypox, share this information with your pediatrician and discuss what you can do to protect your child from infection. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about monkeypox. English Español

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COVID-19: What Families Need to Know

Nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

COVID-19, discovered in December 2019, quickly became a global pandemic. Doctors and researchers continue to learn more about it every day. Safe and effective vaccines are now available, offering hope for an end to the pandemic. Until everyone is vaccinated, however, the virus continues to spread. English Español

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) - Diagnosed or Suspected

Information and guidance on when COVID-19 is diagnosed or suspected. English

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance for exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. English

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COVID-19 Prevention

Information and guidance on preventing COVID-19 infection. English

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COVID-19 or Influenza - How to Tell

Information and guidance on similarities and differences of COVID-19 and influenza infections. English

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COVID-19 Vaccines - Answers to Common Questions

Answers to common questions about COVID-19 vaccination. English

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Anesthesia and Your Child: Information for Parents

La anestesia y su hijo: Información para padres (Anesthesia and Your Child: Information for Parents)

Any time a child requires a hospital visit, it can cause anxiety for both a parent and the child. This especially may be the case when the visit involves any type of procedure that might require anesthesia. Examples of such procedures are surgery, medical imaging, and certain tests to examine the stomach or intestines. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about anesthesia. English Español

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Anesthesia and Your Child: The Day of the Procedure

La anestesia y su hijo: el día del procedimiento (Anesthesia and Your Child: The Day of the Procedure)

Some hospitals allow 1 support person (usually a parent) to go with a child into the operating room or other area where the child is to receive anesthesia. This may be possible for scheduled procedures or surgeries but not for emergency surgery. Check on the policy at your hospital ahead of time. Your child’s anesthesiologist will make the final decision. Remember, if you stay with your child when anesthesia is given, the purpose of being there is to support your child and ease her fears. Do this for the child, not for yourself. English Español

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Financial Assistance—Autism Toolkit

Ayuda económica

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are able to get support from programs funded through their state or county. Some examples are financial help, education support, medical care, job skills training, and residential or living services. Some supports are available to all children because of federal laws, such as a free public education, including special education if needed. Other public benefits are based on need, such as financial or how serious the disability is. Most children with ASD, especially those who also have intellectual disability, will qualify for these benefits. English Español

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Intervention Approaches Used for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder—Autism Toolkit

Enfoques de intervención utilizados para niños con trastorno del espectro autista

If you have concerns about your child’s development and behavior, your child should be seen to tell if she needs therapy. You do not need a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to begin many kinds of therapy. There can be a long wait for ASD diagnosis, so it is important to start therapy while your child is still waiting for a diagnosis. However, once your child is diagnosed with ASD, she may be able to get more interventions, such as applied behavioral analysis (ABA). It is important to have your child seen by an ASD specialist even if your child is already receiving intervention. English Español

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Laboratory Tests—Autism Toolkit

Análisis de laboratorio

All children have some laboratory tests at birth and as part of regular checkups. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often need more tests. These tests can help find the cause of the condition or problems related to it that may not be obvious. This helps guide your child’s doctor in treating your child best. English Español

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Visiting the Doctor—Autism Toolkit

La visita al médico

Going to the doctor can be stressful for any child. For a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there may be extra challenges because of sensory, communication, and other symptoms. Here are some tips to help make visiting the doctor easier. English Español

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Choosing a Pediatrician

Elección de un pediatra (Choosing a Pediatrician)

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has developed this information about the benefits of choosing a pediatrician, how to choose a pediatrician, and why regular well-child visits are important. English Español

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Connected Kids: Clinical Guide

CONNECTED KIDS: This extensive clinical guide to the American Academy of Pediatrics' Connected Kids Program contains an overview of all of the program's component parts, a counseling schedule, ideas for practice implementation, and other supplemental materials. The program is designed to help pediatricians discuss important social/developmental issues with their patients/parents. English

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For Today's Teens: A Message From Your Pediatrician

Controles de adolescentes: Un mensaje de tu pediatra

Now that you are getting older, you have different health needs than you did when you were younger. However, your pediatrician is still there to help you stay healthy. English Español

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Imaging and Medical Radiation Safety: Important Information for Parents

Seguridad de las Imágenes de Diagnóstico y Radiación Médica: Información Importante para los Padres (Imaging and Medical Radiation Safety: Important Information for Parents)

Pediatricians use different tests and tools to help them diagnose and treat injuries and illnesses. This handout was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to answer questions about imaging and medical radiation safety. English Español

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Imaging Tests: A Look Inside Your Child's Body

Pruebas de imagenología: Un vistazo dentro del cuerpo de su hijo

Imaging tests are used to “look” inside the body. They can help diagnose injuries and illnesses from broken bones to cancer. Some tests can find problems before symptoms appear. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about imaging tests. English Español

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Complementary and Integrative Medicine: What Parents Need to Know

Guía para los padres sobre medicina complementaria e integrativa (A Parent's Guide to Complementary and Integrative Medicine)

While most children in North America receive conventional medicine when they are sick, many parents want to know about natural therapies too. Alternative, complementary, and integrative medicine and folk remedies are some of the words used to describe these different therapies. Read on for more information. English Español

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Pediatric Subspecialists

Subespecialistas Pediátricos

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has created a series of fact sheets about different surgical and medical pediatric subspecialists to whom your children may be referred. English Español

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School Health Centers and Your Child

Los centros escolares de salud y su hijo(a) (School Health Centers and Your Child)

School health centers are becoming more and more common. Most handle medical emergencies, provide health screenings and refer students to doctors for health problems. A growing number of these centers also offer health services such as immunizations and physical examinations. Therapies for children with special needs may also be available. English Español

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Should My Child Join a Clinical Trial?

¿Mi hijo debe participar en un ensayo clínico? (Should My Child Join a Clinical Trial?)

Clinical trials are research studies. They are designed to learn more about ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases. Clinical trials can also help people with chronic (long-term) illnesses find better ways to live each day with their illness. English Español

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Sports Medicine Professionals (Care of the Young Athlete)

Athletes may deal with many different types of medical personnel after an injury. Athletes also may be referred by their primary care doctors to a sports medicine doctor or other sports medicine specialists for further evaluation and treatment. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about the most common sports medicine specialists. English

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Treating Your Child's Pain: Medical Procedures

Cómo aliviar el dolor que experimenta su hijo(a): Procedimientos médicos (Treating Your Child's Pain: Medical Procedures)

During certain medical procedures, your child may experience pain. These procedures can include having blood drawn, having breathing or feeding tubes put in, or lumbar punctures (spinal taps). Luckily, pain from these activities does not last long. Read on to find out how your child's pain from medical procedures can be managed. English Español

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Treating Your Child's Pain: Surgery

Cómo aliviar el dolor que experimenta su hijo(a): Cirugía (Treating Your Child's Pain: Surgery)

Often after children have surgery, they have problems with pain. Luckily, there are ways to help ease this type of pain. Read on to find out how your child's pain from surgery can be managed. English Español

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Treatment of Sports Injuries (Care of the Young Athlete)

There is often more than one way to effectively treat an injury. Treatment programs are always adjusted to meet the individual needs of the athlete and the unique requirements of the athlete's sport or activity. English

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Use of Medicines in Sports (Care of the Young Athlete)

The primary use of medicines in sports is to treat pain and inflammation. Athletes may also take medicines to treat specific medical conditions, such as asthma or diabetes, or to treat common illnesses, like colds, congestion, cough, allergies, diarrhea, and skin infections. English

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What is a Child Neurologist?

If your child has problems involving the nervous system, a Child Neurologist has the special training and experience to treat your child. Examples of such problems are seizures, delayed speech, weakness, or headaches. English

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What is a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician?

If your child has a developmental, learning, or behavioral problem, a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician has the training and expertise to evaluate and care for your child. Developmental-behavioral pediatricians possess training and experience to consider, in their assessments and treatments, the medical and psychosocial aspects of children's and adolescents' developmental and behavioral problems. English

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What is a Pediatric Allergist/Immunologist?

¿Qué es un Alergista/Inmunólogo Peditrico? (What is a Pediatric Allergist/Immunologist?)

If your child suffers from allergies or other problems with his immune system, a Pediatric Allergist/Immunologist has special skills to treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist?

¿Qué es un Anestesiólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Anesthesiologist?)

If your child has an illness, injury, or disease that requires surgery, a Pediatric Anesthesiologist has the experience and qualifications to assist in the treatment and to help ensure a successful surgery for your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Dentist?

Pediatric Dentists are dedicated to the oral health of children from infancy through the teen years. They have the experience and qualifications to care for a child's teeth, gums, and mouth throughout the various stages of childhood. English

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What is a Pediatric Dermatologist?

¿Qué es un Dermatólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Dermatologist?)

If your child has skin conditions such as birthmarks, eczema, warts, or psoriasis, a Pediatric Dermatologist has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. Pediatric dermatologists treat a variety of pediatric skin conditions using the latest available treatment methods. Pediatric dermatologists treat children from birth through adolescence. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Emergency Physician?

¿Qué es un Médico en Emergencias Pediátricas? (What is a Pediatric Emergency Physician?)

A Pediatric Emergency Physician is a specialist in the care of children and teens who are acutely ill or injured. A pediatric emergency physician is trained to care for a wide range of problems that require immediate medical help. These problems are often serious and may be life-threatening. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Endocrinologist?

¿Qué es un Endocrinólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Endocrinologist?)

If your child has problems with growth, puberty, diabetes, or other disorders related to the hormones and the glands that produce them, a Pediatric Endocrinologist may treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist?

¿Qué es un Gastroenterólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist?)

If your child has a digestive system, liver, or nutritional problem, a Pediatric Gastroenterologist has the expertise to treat your child. Digestive, liver, and nutritional problems in children often are quite different from those seen in adults. Specialized training and experience in pediatric gastroenterology are important. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Geneticist?

¿Qué es un Geneticista Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Geneticist?)

Fortunately, most children are born healthy with no medical problems or birth defects. However, some children are born with differences in body structure, brain development, or body chemistry that can lead to problems with health, development, school performance, and/or social interaction. Pediatric Geneticists are trained to identify the causes and natural history of these disorders. They may suggest tests and treatments that can help in understanding and caring for your child's condition. Pediatric geneticists also can help families understand whether some conditions are hereditary (coming from the genes) and offer testing to family members who may be at risk for having children with similar problems. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Hematologist/Oncologist?

¿Qué es un Hematólogo/Oncólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Hematologist/Oncologist?)

If your child or teen has a blood disease or cancer, a Pediatric Hematologist/Oncologist has the experience and qualifications to evaluate and treat your child or teen. The unique nature of care of children or teens with blood diseases and cancer is learned from advanced training and experience in practice. Pediatric hematologists/oncologists treat children and teens from birth through young adulthood. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Hospitalist?

¿Qué es un pediatra hospitalario? (What is a Pediatric Hospitalist?)

If your child has an illness or injury requiring hospitalization, he or she may be cared for by a Pediatric Hospitalist. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist?

¿Qué es un Infectólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist?)

If your child has a recurring or persistent disease caused by an infectious agent such as bacteria, a fungus, a parasite, or other rare infection, a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Specialist has the experience and qualifications to help your pediatrician diagnose and treat your child. Pediatric infectious diseases specialists treat children from birth through the teen years. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Nephrologist?

¿Qué es un Nefrólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Nephrologist?)

If your child has kidney or urinary tract disease, bladder problems, or high blood pressure, a Pediatric Nephrologist has the special skills and experience to treat your child. Pediatric nephrologists treat children from infancy through late adolescence. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Neurosurgeon?

¿Qué es un Neurocirujano Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Neurosurgeon?)

If your child has problems involving the head, spine, or nervous system, a Pediatric Neurosurgeon has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Ophthalmologist?

¿Qué es un Oftalmólogo Pediátrico?: (What is a Pediatric Ophthalmologist?)

If your child has an eye problem, is having difficulty with a vision screening exam or has difficulty reading or learning, or needs surgery or medical treatment for an illness affecting the eyes, a Pediatric Ophthalmologist has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon?

¿Qué es un Cirujano Ortopeda Pediátrico?: (What is a Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon?)

If your child has musculoskeletal (bone) problems, a Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeon has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Otolaryngologist?

¿Qué es un Otolaringólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Otolaryngologist?)

If your child needs surgical or complex medical treatment for illnesses or problems affecting the ear, nose, or throat, a Pediatric Otolaryngologist has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. Many general otolaryngologists provide surgical care for children. However, in many areas of the country, more specialized otolaryngology care is available for children. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Plastic Surgeon?

¿Qué es un Cirujano Plástico Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Plastic Surgeon?)

If your child needs surgery to fix a deformity caused by a birth defect, injury, illness, or tumor, a Pediatric Plastic Surgeon has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Pulmonologist?

¿Qué es un Pulmonólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Pulmonologist?)

If your child has breathing problems, or a problem with his or her lungs, a Pediatric Pulmonologist has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. Pediatric pulmonologists diagnose, treat and manage children from birth to 21 years old with breathing and lung diseases. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Radiologist?

¿Qué es un Radiólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Radiologist?)

A Pediatric Radiologist is an expert in the diagnosis of illnesses, injuries, and diseases of infants, children, and adolescents, using imaging techniques and equipment. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Rheumatologist?

¿Qué es un Reumatólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Rheumatologist?)

If your child has complaints of pain in the musculoskeletal system (joints, muscles, bones, or tendons), other symptoms of arthritis, or an autoimmune disorder, your pediatrician may recommend a Pediatric Rheumatologist. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Sports Medicine Specialist?

¿Qué es un Especialista Pediátrico en Medicina Deportiva? (What is a Pediatric Sports Medicine Specialist?)

If your child or teenager has an injury or illness that affects sports performance, exercise, or activity, a Pediatric Sports Medicine Specialist has the expertise, experience, and qualifications to treat his or her youth-specific problems. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Surgeon?

¿Qué es un Cirujano Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Surgeon?)

If your child has an illness, injury, or disease that requires surgery, a Pediatric Surgeon has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric Urologist?

¿Qué es un Urólogo Pediátrico? (What is a Pediatric Urologist?)

If your child has an illness or disease of the genitals or urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder), a Pediatric Urologist has the experience and qualifications to treat your child. English Español

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What is a Pediatric/Neonatal Critical Care Transport Team?

If your newborn is premature or your child has a critical illness or injury requiring transportation from one medical facility to another, your newborn or child may require the care of a Pediatric/Neonatal Critical Care Transport Team. English

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What is an Adolescent Health Specialist?

If your child is between the ages of 11 and 21 years, they may benefit from the care of an Adolescent Health Specialist. English

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When to See a Doctor (Care of the Young Athlete)

A safe and speedy return to activity following a sports injury or an illness depends on early recognition and treatment. Knowing when to see your doctor is an important step in this process. English

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When Your Child Needs Emergency Medical Services

It is rare for children to become seriously ill with no warning. Depending on your child's symptoms, you usually should contact your child's pediatrician for advice. Early recognition and treatment of symptoms can prevent an illness or injury from getting worse or turning into an emergency. English

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Your Child and Medications—Autism Toolkit

Los medicamentos y su hijo

While medications will not change your child’s autism spectrum disorder (ASD), they can be helpful when added to other treatments to help your child’s development and learning. English Español

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Safety And Prevention

Monkeypox (Mpox): What You Need to Know

Viruela del mono o viruela símica: qué debe saber

In the rare event that an adult in your household develops monkeypox, share this information with your pediatrician and discuss what you can do to protect your child from infection. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about monkeypox. English Español

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English Español

COVID-19: What Families Need to Know

Nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

COVID-19, discovered in December 2019, quickly became a global pandemic. Doctors and researchers continue to learn more about it every day. Safe and effective vaccines are now available, offering hope for an end to the pandemic. Until everyone is vaccinated, however, the virus continues to spread. English Español

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English Español

Coronavirus (COVID-19) - Diagnosed or Suspected

Information and guidance on when COVID-19 is diagnosed or suspected. English

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English

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance for exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. English

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English

COVID-19 Prevention

Information and guidance on preventing COVID-19 infection. English

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English

COVID-19 or Influenza - How to Tell

Information and guidance on similarities and differences of COVID-19 and influenza infections. English

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English

COVID-19 Vaccines - Answers to Common Questions

Answers to common questions about COVID-19 vaccination. English

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English

1 to 2 Years: Safety for Your Child

De 1 a 2 Años

Did you know that injuries are the leading cause of death of children younger than 4 years in the United States? Most of these injuries can be prevented. English Español

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10 Years: Safety for Your Child

10 Años: Seguridad para su hijo

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most major injuries if you and your child take a few simple steps. English Español

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2 to 4 Years: Safety for Your Child

DE 2 A 4 AÑOS

TIPP SHEETS: Injuries are the leading cause of death in children younger than 4 years in the United States, and most of these injuries can be prevented. Firearms in the home, poisons, falls, burns, drowning, and poor safety practices while driving with your child in a car all pose serious threats. These issues should be approached with increased caution. English Español

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5 Years: Safety for Your Child

5 Años: Seguridad para su hijo

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most major injuries! English Español

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6 to 12 Months: Safety for Your Child

DE 6 A 12 MESES

Did you know that hundreds of children younger than 1 year die every year in the United States because of injuries — most of which can be prevented? English Español

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6 Years: Safety for Your Child

6 Años: Seguridad para su hijo

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most major injuries! English Español

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8 Years: Safety for Your Child

8 Años: La seguridad de su hijo(a)

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most injuries! English Español

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Children’s Dental Health: What You Need to Know

Salud odontológica de los niños: Lo que debe saber

The road to a bright smile begins long before the first tooth appears. Parents play a big part in helping their children develop healthy teeth. Early monitoring by your child's doctor and dentist is important. English Español

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A Parent's Guide to Water Safety

Guía para padres sobre la seguridad en el agua: (A Parent's Guide to Water Safety)

Drowning is one of the top causes of injury and death in children. Children can drown in pools, rivers, ponds, lakes, or oceans. They can even drown in a few inches of water in bathtubs, toilets, and large buckets. English

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About Bicycle Helmets

Información sobre los cascos para bicicleta (About Bicycle Helmets)

You should only buy a helmet that meets the bicycle helmet safety standards of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Any helmet meeting these standards is labeled. Check the inside. English

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Airbags: Important Safety Information

Airbags: Información importante de seguridad

Airbags can protect teen and adult lives when used with seat belts. However, airbags are dangerous for babies and young children. Here is important safety information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about airbags and car safety seats. English Español

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Anesthesia and Your Child: Information for Parents

La anestesia y su hijo: Información para padres (Anesthesia and Your Child: Information for Parents)

Any time a child requires a hospital visit, it can cause anxiety for both a parent and the child. This especially may be the case when the visit involves any type of procedure that might require anesthesia. Examples of such procedures are surgery, medical imaging, and certain tests to examine the stomach or intestines. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about anesthesia. English Español

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Antibiotics Aren't Always Needed

La salud de su hijo y los antibióticos

Parents need to know that using antibiotics when they are not the right medicine will not help and may even cause harm to children. English Español

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The Medical Home for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder—Autism Toolkit

El hogar médico para niños con trastorno del espectro autista

Parents, pediatricians, and other health care professionals are encouraged to work together so that all of the needs of children and youths are met. This partnership is at the core of what the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) calls a medical home. The medical home is not a physical place but rather a way of giving a child comprehensive and compassionate primary care. A medical home helps coordinate the medical care and other services your child needs into a single plan for your child’s health. English Español

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Wandering Off (Elopement)—Autism Toolkit

Alejarse en forma errante (deambular)

Research shows that about 1 in 3 young children with ASD has tried to wander off. This behavior may continue to happen in older children and even teenagers and adults with ASD. This is concerning since many people with ASD may not be able to share their names, addresses, or phone numbers if they get lost. English Español

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Asthma Triggers

Provocadores de asma (Asthma Triggers)

Things that cause asthma (AZZ-muh) attacks or make asthma worse are called triggers. Asthma triggers can be found in your home, your child's school, child care, and other people's homes. English Español

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Baby Walkers: Important Safety Information

Andadores: Información importante de seguridad

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about why baby walkers are not safe and what you can do. English Español

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Babysitting Reminders

Parents should: Meet the siiter and check references and training in advance. | Be certain the sitter has had first aid training and knows CPR. | Be sure the sitter is at least 13 years old and mature enough to handle common emergencies. English

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Bicycle Safety: Myths and Facts

La seguridad al andar en bicicleta: mitos y realidades

Learning to ride a bike is a developmental milestone in the life of a child. The bicycle, a child's first vehicle, is a source of pride and a symbol of independence and freedom. Yet all too often children are seriously injured, or even killed, when they fail to follow basic bicycle safety rules. The following is a list of common bicycle safety myths, coupled with the correct information you need to teach your children about safe bike riding. These facts will help you and your children make every bike ride safe. English Español

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Biking (Care of the Young Athlete)

Biking is a fun way for children of all ages to get active and stay fit. Most children learn to ride a tricycle at around 3 years of age. Between 4 and 7 years of age most children learn to ride a bike. However, remember that each child is different and will learn to ride a bike at his or her own pace. English

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Birth to 6 Months: Safety for Your Child

Del Nacimiento A Los 6 Meses

Did you know that hundreds of children younger than 1 year die every year in the United States because of injuries — most of which could be prevented? English Español

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Bullying: It's Not OK

CONNECTED KIDS: Bullying is when one child picks on another child again and again. Usually children who are being bullied are either weaker or smaller, are shy, and generally feel helpless. Bullying most commonly takes place at school, when adults are not watching, or through email or instant messages. Whether your child is the one being bullied, doing the bullying, or simply a bystander, there are a number of measures you can take as a parent to improve their social skills and decrease their involvement in this detrimental practice. English

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Car Safety Seat Checkup

Revisión de asientos de seguridad para el automóvil (Car Safety Seat Checkup)

Using a car safety seat correctly makes a big difference. Even the right seat for your child's size may not properly protect your child in a crash unless it is used correctly. So take a minute to check to be sure. English Español

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Car Safety Seats Product Information

Información del producto de los asientos de seguridad para el automóvil

English Español

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Car Safety Seats Guide

Guía de asientos de seguridad para el automóvil

Here is more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) about choosing the most appropriate car safety seat for your child. English Español

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Child Sexual Abuse

Abuso sexual de niños (Child Sexual Abuse)

Sexual abuse of children is more common than most people think. About 1 out of 5 girls and 1 out of 10 boys will be sexually abused during their childhood. Parents can take steps to help prevent and recognize sexual abuse in children. English Español

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Childproofing Your Home

Prepare su casa a prueba de niños (Childproofing Your Home)

Children are naturally curious and love to explore. Young children especially like to explore by putting things in their mouths. Before or as soon as children begin crawling or walking, parents and caregivers need to take extra steps to make sure harmful items are out of reach, out of sight, and locked up if possible. English Español

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Choking Prevention and First Aid for Infants and Children

Prevención de asfixia y primeros auxilios para bebés y niños (Choking Prevention and First Aid for Infants and Children)

When children begin crawling, or eating table foods, parents must be aware of the dangers and risks of choking. Children younger than 5 years can easily choke on food and small objects. English Español

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Choosing Over-the-Counter Medicines for Your Child

Elección de medicinas de venta sin receta para su niño (Choosing Over-the-Coumter Medicines for Your Child)

“Over-the-counter” (OTC) means you can buy the medicine without a doctor's prescription. Talk with your child's doctor or pharmacist* before giving your child any medicine, especially the first time. English Español

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Choosing the Right Size Bicycle for Your Child

Cómo seleccionar la bicicleta del tamaño apropiado para su niño(a)

A bicycle of the wrong size may cause your child to lose control and be injured. Any bike must be the correct size for the child for whom it is bought. To keep your child safe, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the following: English Español

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Cyberbullying: What Parents Need to Know

Acoso cibernético: lo que los padres deben saber

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about cyberbullying and what parents can do to keep online socializing healthy for their children. English Español

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Dangers of Secondhand Smoke

Los peligros del humo de segunda mano (Dangers of Secondhand Smoke)

Even if you don’t smoke, breathing in someone else’s smoke can be deadly too. Secondhand smoke causes about 3,000 deaths from lung cancer and tens of thousands of deaths from heart disease to nonsmoking adults in the United States each year. English Español

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Deciding to Wait

Decidirse a esperar (Deciding to Wait)

No matter what you've heard, read, or seen, not everyone your age is having sex, including oral sex and intercourse. In fact, more than half of all teens choose to wait until they're older to have sex. If you have already had sex but are unsure if you should again, then wait before having sex again. English Español

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Decorative Contact Lenses: What Teens and Parents Need to Know

Lentes de contacto decorativas: Lo que deben saber adolescentes y padres (Decorative Contact Lenses: What Teens and Parents Need to Know)

Decorative contact lenses are considered medical devices. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees their safety and effectiveness, just like regular contact lenses. But changing the look of your eyes with decorative contact lenses could cause a lot of damage to your eyesight. Read more from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to protect your eyes from harm. English Español

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Firearms Injury Prevention

More than 44 million Americans own firearms. Of the 192 million firearms owned in the United States, 65 million are handguns. Research shows guns in homes are a serious risk to families. English

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Food Allergies and Your Child

Las alergias a los alimentos y su hijo (Food Allergies and Your Child)

A food allergy happens when the body reacts against harmless proteins found in foods. The reaction usually happens shortly after a food is eaten. Food allergy reactions can vary from mild to severe. English Español

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Four Steps to Prepare Your Family for Disasters

If there was a disaster in your area, would your family know what to do? Every family should have a plan. This 4-STEP guide developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics offers tips on how to 1) be informed, 2) make a plan, 3) build a kit, and 4) get involved. English

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Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe

Diversión al sol: proteja a su familia (Fun in the Sun: Keep Your Family Safe)

Warm, sunny days are wonderful. It's great to exercise outside, and the sun feels good on your skin. But what feels good can harm you and your family. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to keep your family safe from the sun’s harmful rays. English Español

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Giving Medicine to Children: Important Safety Information

Una guía para los medicamentos de su hijo (A Guide to Your Child’s Medicines)

Giving medicine in the right way can help your child feel better and get well. However, medicine information and labels can be confusing. Read on for information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about prescription and over-the-counter medicines, how to give medicine in the right way, and how to prevent medicine mistakes. English Español

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Help Stop Teenage Suicide

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Home Safety Checklist

Lista de control para la seguridad en el hogar (Home Safety Checklist)

Is your house a safe place for your child to live and play? The following safety checklist can help you prevent serious injuries or even death. Though it addresses common safety concerns, it's important to remember that every house is different and no checklist is complete. Because there may be other safety concerns in your house, a more thorough safety check is recommended at least every 6 months. English Español

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Home Water Hazards for Young Children

Each year many young children drown in swimming pools, other bodies of water, and standing water around the home. Children must be watched by an adult at all times when in or near water. Children may drown in an inch or 2 of water. English

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How to Prevent Overuse Injuries (Care of the Young Athlete)

Over the past 20 years more children are participating in organized and recreational athletics. With so many young athletes playing sports, it's no wonder injuries are common. Half of all sports medicine injuries in children and teens are from overuse. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about overuse injuries and injury prevention tips. English

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How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby

Cómo prevenir las caries dentales en su bebé (How to Prevent Tooth Decay in Your Baby)

Baby teeth are important. If baby teeth are lost too early, the teeth that are left may move and not leave any room for adult teeth to come in. Also, if tooth decay is not prevented, it can be costly to treat, cause pain, and lead to life-threatening infections. English Español

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Imaging and Medical Radiation Safety: Important Information for Parents

Seguridad de las Imágenes de Diagnóstico y Radiación Médica: Información Importante para los Padres (Imaging and Medical Radiation Safety: Important Information for Parents)

Pediatricians use different tests and tools to help them diagnose and treat injuries and illnesses. This handout was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to answer questions about imaging and medical radiation safety. English Español

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Immunizations: What You Need To Know

Vacunas: Lo que debe saber (Immunizations: What You Need to Know)

Immunizations have helped children stay healthy for more than 50 years. They are safe and they work. In fact, serious side effects are no more common than those from other types of medication. Vaccinations have reduced the number of infections from vaccine-preventable diseases by more than 90%! Yet many parents still question their safety because of misinformation they've received. That's why it's important to turn to a reliable and trusted source, including your child's doctor, for information. The following are answers to common questions parents have about immunizations. English Español

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Infant Furniture: Cribs

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Keep Your Family Safe: Fire Safety and Burn Prevention at Home

Proteja a su familia: Prevención de incendios y quemaduras en el hogar

Fires and burns cause almost 4,000 deaths and about 20,000 hospitalizations every year. Winter is an especially dangerous time, as space heaters, fireplaces, and candles get more use in the home. It is no surprise that fires in the home are more common between December and February. However, you might be surprised at how easy it is to reduce the risk of fire in your home. Follow these suggestions to help keep your home and family safe from fire all year round. English Español

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Lawn Mower Safety

The power lawn mower is one of the most dangerous tools around the home. Each year, approximately 68,000 persons with injuries caused by power mowers were treated in emergency departments. More than 9,000 of the people hurt were younger than 18 years. Older children and adolescents were most often hurt while cutting lawns as chores or as a way to earn money. English

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Lawn Mower Safety

Cortadora de césped: medidas de seguridad (Lawn Mower Safety)

Each year many children are injured severely by lawn mowers. Power mowers can be especially dangerous. However, most lawn mower-related injuries can be prevented by following these safety guidelines. English Español

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Lead Is a Poison: What You Need to Know

El plomo es una sustancia tóxica: Lo que debe saber

Lead in the body can affect child development and behavior. Lead is a metal that is found in a lot of places. Although you can’t usually see lead, you can do things to prevent your child from being exposed to it. No safe level of lead has been identified for children. Children have the most risk factors because they often put their hands and objects into their mouths and their growing bodies tend to easily absorb what they eat. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand how lead can be harmful, where it may be found, and what they can do to keep their children safe. English Español

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Life Jackets and Life Preservers

If your family enjoys boating, sailing, canoeing, and using personal watercraft on lakes, rivers, and streams, be sure your children wear the correct life jackets. If you do, they will be able to take part in these activities more safely. English

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Making Healthy Decisions About Sex

Cómo tomar decisiones saludables sobre el sexo(Making Healthy Decisions About Sex)

Before you decide to have sex or if you are already having sex, you need to know how to stay healthy. Even if you think you know everything you need to know about sex, take a few minutes and read on. Your doctor wants to make sure you know the facts. English Español

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Dental Caries (Early Childhood Caries, Tooth Decay, or Cavities)—Child Care and Schools

Early childhood caries (commonly called cavities) is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Caries are the result of an infectious disease process that damages tooth structure and makes holes in the teeth. The consequences of early childhood caries are much more than unattractive teeth. Early childhood caries can cause severe pain, speech difficulty, and poor nutrition and can spread to cause serious infections. Treatment for caries can require expensive dental services, and younger children often require general anesthesia and treatment in the operating room. English

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Medicine and the Media: How to Make Sense of the Messages

La medicina y la prensa: Cómo darle sentido a los mensajes que recibimos

Your child is sick or hurt and the first thought on your mind is, “How can I make my child better?” That's natural. No parent wants his or her child to suffer. So how do you decide what medicines to give or treatments to try? English Español

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A Message to Parents of Teen Drivers

Un mensaje para los padres de adolescentes que empiezan a conducir autos (A Message to Parents of Teen Drivers)

Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death for teens and young adults. More than 5,500 young people die every year in car crashes and thousands more are injured. Parents can play an important role in reducing these numbers and keeping their teens alive. English Español

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Minor Head Injuries in Children

Lesiones leves en la cabeza durante la niñez (Minor Head Injuries in Children)

Almost all children bump their heads every now and then. While these injuries can be upsetting, most head injuries are minor and do not cause serious problems. In very rare cases, problems can occur after a minor bump on the head. This publication was written by the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents understand the difference between a head injury that needs only a comforting hug and one that requires immediate medical attention. English Español

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Nursemaid's Elbow

Codo de niñera (Nursemaid's Elbow)

A pulled elbow (also known as nursemaid’s elbow) is a common, painful injury generally among children under four years old but occasionally older. It occurs when the outer part of the elbow becomes dislocated or slips out of its joint. English Español

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Insect Repellents: What Parents Need to Know

Repelentes de insectos: Lo que los padres deben saber (Insect Repellents: What Parents Need to Know)

Mosquitoes, biting flies, and tick bites can make children miserable. While most children have only mild reactions to insect bites, some children can become very sick. Some insects carry dangerous germs such as West Nile virus, Lyme disease bacteria, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever bacteria. English Español

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Pets, Babies, and Young Children

Mascotas, bebés y niños pequeños

Pets are found in millions of American homes. If you don't already own a pet, at some point your child may ask for one. If you already own a pet, your child may want another one. So how do you decide? English Español

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A Parent's Guide to Teen Parties

Guía para los padres sobre fiestas de adolescentes (A Parent's Guide to Teen Parties)

As a parent, you know the importance of your teen's social life and that parties are a way to socialize and relax. But an unsupervised or poorly planned party can result in unwanted or even tragic consequences. However, parental responsibility is the key to a fun and safe party. English Español

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A Parent's Guide to Toy Safety

Juguetes seguros: Una guía para los padres (A Parent's Guide to Toy Safety)

Children can have a lot of fun playing with their toys. However, it's important to keep in mind that safety should always come first. Each year thousands of children are injured by toys. English Español

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Playground Safety

Seguridad en las áreas de recreo infantil (Playground Safety)

Each year, about 200,000 children get hurt on playground equipment with injuries serious enough to need treatment in the emergency department. About 15 children die each year from playground injuries. While many of these injuries happen on home equipment, most occur at school and public playgrounds. English Español

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Pool Safety for Children

A swimming pool can be very dangerous for children. If possible, do not put a swimming pool in your yard until your children are older than 5 years. Help protect your children from drowning by doing the following: English

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Prescription Medicines and Your Child

Medicinas recetadas para su niño (Prescription Medicines and Your Child)

Many parents have questions about their children's prescription medicines. Labels can be hard to read and understand. But it's important to give medicines the right way for your child's health and safety. English Español

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Protect Your Child From Poison

Proteja a su hijo de las intoxicaciones

Children can get very sick if they come in contact with medicines, household products, pesticides, chemicals, or cosmetics. This can happen at any age and can cause serious reactions. However, most children who come in contact with these things are not permanently hurt if they are treated right away. English Español

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Protect Your Child…Prevent Poisoning

Young children may put anything in their mouths. This is part of learning. Many household products can be poisonous if swallowed, if in contact with the skin or eyes, or if inhaled. English

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Protect Your Home Against Fire…Planning Saves Lives

Tips and ideas for fire protection. English

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How to Prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome and Other Forms of Abusive Head Trauma

Cómo prevenir el síndrome del bebé sacudido y otras formas de traumatismo de cráneo por abuso (How to Prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome and Other Forms of Abusive Head Trauma)

One of the skills parents and caregivers need to learn is how to deal with stress. This is especially important when there seems to be no end to a baby's crying. Too often, when a parent or caregiver loses control the results can be harmful or deadly. English Español

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Pulling the Plug on TV Violence

Desconecte la televisión violenta

TV violence needs to be taken seriously. TV violence can, and does, lead to real-life violence. You can reduce your child's exposure to TV violence. English Español

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Raw Milk: What You Need to Know

Leche cruda: lo que usted debe saber (Raw Milk: What You Need to Know)

Raw milk is milk that comes straight from a cow, sheep, or goat. Raw milk is not pasteurized (heated to kill germs) or homogenized (processed to keep the cream from separating from the milk). English Español

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Safe Bicycling Starts Early

Andar en bicicleta de manera segura comienza a una edad temprana (Safe Bicycling Starts Early)

When a child receives his or her first tricycle or bicycle, a lifelong pattern of vehicle operation is begun. A bike is not just a toy, but a vehicle that is a speedy means of transportation, subject to the same laws as motor vehicles. English

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Safe Driving…A Parent's Responsibility

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Safe Sleep and Your Baby: How Parents Can Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Suffocation

Sueño seguro y su bebé: Cómo pueden los padres reducir el riesgo de SIDS y asfixia (Safe Sleep and Your Baby: How Parents Can Reduce the Risk of SIDS and Suffocation)

Many infants die during sleep from unsafe sleep environments. Some of these deaths are from entrapment, suffocation, and strangulation. Some infants die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, there are ways for parents to keep their sleeping baby safe. English Español

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Safety of Blood Transfusions

Seguridad de las transfusiones de sangre (Safety of Blood Transfusions)

Because of illness or injury, some children need to receive transfusions of blood and blood products. This procedure may be frightening for parents and their children. Many parents are also concerned about the safety of transfusions. While blood supply in the United States is considered very safe, parents should know a few things about blood transfusions and the safety of blood products for children. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about blood and blood transfusions. English Español

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Safety Tips for Home Playground Equipment

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Talking With Your Teen About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo o hija adolescente

Children are exposed to sexual messages every day—on TV, on the Internet, in movies, in magazines, and in music. Sex in the media is so common that you might think that teens today already know all they need to about sex. They may even claim to know it all, so sex is something you just don't talk about. Unfortunately, only a small amount of what is seen in the media shows responsible sexual behavior or gives correct information. English Español

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Talking With Your Young Child About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo pequeño (Talking With Your Young Child About Sex)

Some parents may not be comfortable talking with their children about sex and sexuality. However, if children aren’t getting the facts about sex and sexuality from their parents, they could be getting incorrect information from their friends or the media. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents talk with their children about sex and sexuality. English Español

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Tattooing and Body Piercing

Tatuajes y perforaciones en el cuerpo (Tattooing and Body Piercing)

Teens get tattoos or body parts pierced for different reasons. Most teens get a tattoo or body piercing because they like the way it looks or to express themselves. Some get a tattoo or piercing to feel like part of a group. In some states and cities, you need to be 18 or have a parent's permission to get a piercing or tattoo. English Español

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Teen Suicide and Guns

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The Child as a Passenger on an Adult's Bicycle

El niño como pasajero en una bicicleta de adulto

A young passenger on an adult's bike makes the bike unstable and increases the braking time. English Español

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Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

Fumar y cigarrillos electrónicos: Lo que los padres deben saber sobre los riesgos del consumo de tabaco

Many people think that the only people harmed by tobacco use are smokers who have smoked for a long time. The fact is that tobacco use can be harmful to everyone. This includes unborn babies and people who don’t smoke. English Español

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Tips for Getting Your Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets

Consejos para lograr que sus niños usen cascos de bicicleta (Tips for Getting Your Children to Wear Bicycle Helmets)

Have your children wear helmets as soon as they start to ride tricycles and if they are a passenger on the back of an adult's bike. If they learn to wear helmets whenever they ride tricycles and bikes, it becomes a habit for a lifetime. It's never too late, however, to get your children into helmets. Allow your child to participate in choosing their helmet. They'll be able to let you know if it is comfortable. And if they like the design, they are more likely to wear it. English Español

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Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

El tabaco: Charla directa con los adolescentes (Tobacco: Straight Talk For Teens)

Did you know that about 80% of teens in the United States don't smoke? They've made a healthy choice. English Español

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Trampolines: What You Need to Know

Trampolines: lo que usted debe saber: (Trampolines: What You Need to Know)

If you choose to have a home trampoline, the AAP recommends the following safety precautions: adult supervision at all times, only one jumper on the trampoline at a time, and no somersaults should be performed. Also, trampolines should have adequate protective padding that is in good condition and appropriately placed. All equipment should be checked often and protective padding, the net enclosure, and any other parts should be repaired or replaced when damaged. Parents should check their homeowner's policy and obtain a rider to cover trampoline-related injuries if not included in the basic policy. English Español

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Using Liquid Medicines

El uso de medicinas líquidas (Using Liquid Medicines)

Many children’s medicines come in liquid form. Liquid medicines are easier to swallow than pills. But they must be used the right way. English Español

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Using Over-the-Counter Medicines with Your Child

Uso de medicinas de venta sin receta con su niño (Using Over-the-Counter Medicines With Your Child)

“Over-the-counter” (OTC) means you can buy the medicine without a doctor's prescription. This doesn’t mean that OTCs are harmless. Like prescription medicines, OTCs can be dangerous if not taken the right way. Talk with your child's doctor before giving your child any medicine, especially the first time. English Español

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Water Safety for Your School-aged Child

Swimming and playing in water can give your child much pleasure and good exercise. But you must take steps to prevent your child from drowning. English

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When Your Child Needs Emergency Medical Services

It is rare for children to become seriously ill with no warning. Depending on your child's symptoms, you usually should contact your child's pediatrician for advice. Early recognition and treatment of symptoms can prevent an illness or injury from getting worse or turning into an emergency. English

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Your Baby's First Steps

Los primeros pasos de su bebé

Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help prepare you for your baby’s first steps. English Español

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Your Child and the Environment

Su hijo y el medio ambiente (Your Child and the Environment)

Environmental dangers are everywhere. Most of these dangers are more harmful to children than adults. However, there are things you can do to reduce your child's contact with them. Read more to learn about how to protect your family from environmental dangers. English Español

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Your Child and Medications—Autism Toolkit

Los medicamentos y su hijo

While medications will not change your child’s autism spectrum disorder (ASD), they can be helpful when added to other treatments to help your child’s development and learning. English Español

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Your Child is on the Move: Reduce the Risk of Gun Injury

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ZIKA Virus: Pediatrician Advice for Families

Virus del zika: consejos del pediatra para las familias

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Schmitt Pediatric Care Advice

Anal Itching

Itching of the anus. Occurs on a repeated basis. English

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Abdominal Pain - Stress Related

Pain or discomfort in the stomach (abdomen or belly). The stomach pains occur when your child is worried about something. This is often called the “worried stomach”. English

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Abdominal Pain - Symptom

Pain or discomfort in the stomach (abdomen or belly). Pain found between the bottom of the rib cage and the groin crease. English

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Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Dosage Table

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Dosage Table English

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Acne

Acne is a skin condition caused by blocked oil glands. Main symptoms are pimples and blackheads on the face. English

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Amoxicillin Rash

A harmless rash that occurs when a child is taking an antibiotic. The rash is not from a drug allergy. Occurs in 10% of children who are taking amoxicillin. English

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Anal Fissure

An anal fissure is a shallow tear in the skin around the anus. This is the cause in over 90% of children with blood in the stools. English

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Animal Bite

Bite or claw wound from a pet, farm or wild animal. English

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Antibiotics - When Do They Help?

Antibiotics are strong medicines that can kill bacteria. However, they are often over-used in our society English

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Appetite Slump - Young Child

You are concerned that your child is not eating enough food each day. It may seem like your child is never hungry. English

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Arm Injury

Injuries to the arm (shoulder to hand). Injuries to a bone, muscle, joint or ligament. English

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Arm Pain - Muscle Strain

Arm muscle pain from hard work or sports (muscle overuse). Pain is not caused by an injury. Also called muscle overuse syndrome English

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Arm Pain - Symptom

Pain in the arm (shoulder to fingers). Includes shoulder, elbow, wrist and finger joints. Includes minor muscle strains from hard work or sports (overuse). Pain is not caused by an injury English

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Asthma Attack

Your child is having an asthma attack. Your child has been diagnosed in the past with asthma. English

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Athlete's Foot

Fungus infection of the feet. Causes an itchy rash on the feet and between the toes English

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Baby Bottle Tooth Decay - Prevention

Baby bottle tooth decay (BBTD) is the main type of tooth decay in toddlers. It’s caused by excessive exposure to milk or juice. That happens with crib bottles or tote bottles. English

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Back Pain - Muscle Strain

Back muscle pain from carrying or lifting heavy things English

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Back Pain - Symptom

Pain or discomfort in the upper, mid or lower back. Includes minor muscle strain from back overuse English

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Bed Bug Bite

Bites from bed bugs. English

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Bedwetting

Wetting the bed at night while asleep. The medical name is nocturnal enuresis English

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Bee or Yellow Jacket Sting

Stung by a honeybee, bumblebee, hornet, wasp, or yellow jacket. Over 95 percent of stings are from honey bees or yellow jackets. The main symptoms are pain and redness. English

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English

Behavior Training - Consequences

Consequences are what happens after a child breaks a rule. All children need universal rules and limits about what is good and bad behavior. They need consequences to help them learn the right choice. If the consequence is unpleasant (negative feedback or a punishment), the child is less likely to repeat the bad behavior. English

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Behavior Training - Rules and Discipline Basics

Children come into this world impulsive and undisciplined. When they start to walk, they begin to get into trouble. They do not develop much self-control until 3 years of age. They need to be taught safe and socially acceptable behavior. English

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Biting

The bad habit of biting people. One of the most unacceptable of aggressive behaviors. English

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English

Blisters - Friction

Raised pocket of clear fluid, covered by skin. Friction blisters usually occur on the palms, fingers, heels or toes. English

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English

Boil

Staph skin infection causing a painful red lump in the skin English

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English

Bottle-Feeding (Formula) Questions

Common questions asked about formula and feeding from a bottle. English

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English

Breast Buds

A small disc-shaped lump felt under the nipple (areola). Indicates the start of puberty English

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English

Breastfeeding - Baby Questions

Breastfeeding questions about your baby English

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English

Breastfeeding - Milk and Feeding Questions

Breastfeeding questions about feeding, milk and supply English

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English

Breastfeeding - Mother's Breast Symptoms

Breastfeeding questions about mother’s breast symptoms English

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English

Breastfeeding - Mother's Diet and Alcohol Use

Breastfeeding questions about mother’s diet and alcohol use. Main concern is how much gets into breastmilk and could this affect the baby. English

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English

Breastfeeding - Mother's Illness

Breastfeeding questions about mother’s illness English

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English

Breastfeeding - Mother's Medicines and Smoking

Breastfeeding questions about mother’s medicines, drugs or smoking. Main concern is how much gets into breastmilk and could this affect the baby. English

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English

Breath-Holding Spell

A spell that includes holding the breath, then turning blue and passing out. English

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English

Bronchiolitis (RSV)

A viral infection of the smallest airways in the lungs. Wheezing is the main symptom. Average age for getting bronchiolitis is 6 months (Range: birth to 2 years). English

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Bruises

Bruises to the skin anywhere on the body. Bruises are bleeding into the skin from damaged blood vessels English

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English

Burns

Burns to the skin. A burn is a heat, chemical or electrical injury to the skin English

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Canker Sores

Painful, shallow ulcers (sores) on the inner lips or cheeks. Not caused by an infection English

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English

Cellulitis

A bacterial infection of the skin. Main symptom is spreading redness that is painful to the touch English

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English

Chalazion (Lump on Eyelid)

A chalazion is a lump in the middle of the eyelid. It’s caused by a blocked off oil gland. English

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English

Chest Pain - Sore Muscles

Pain or discomfort in the chest wall from muscle overuse. English

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English

Chest Pain - Symptom

Pain or discomfort in the chest wall from muscle overuse. English

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English

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a viral rash all over the body English

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English

Circumcision Problems

A circumcision is the removal of most of the male foreskin. Questions about caring for the normal circumcised penis in a baby boy. English

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English

Cold Sores (Fever Blisters)

Sores on the outer lip caused by the herpes virus. Sores tend to recur English

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English

Colds (Age 0-5)

The common cold is a viral infection of the nose and throat. Main symptoms are a runny nose and sore throat. English

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Colds (Age 6-21)

The common cold is a viral infection of the nose and throat. Main symptoms are a runny nose and sore throat. English

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Colic (Crying Baby)

A baby less than 3 months old with excessive crying. Crying is the only symptom and baby is normal when not crying. English

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Constipation - Bowel Cleanout for Stool Impaction

A bowel cleanout is a medical treatment plan ordered by your doctor. It is used for emptying out the rectum and colon (lower bowel). English

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English

Constipation (Age 1-5)

Can’t pass a stool or pain (crying) when passing a stool. Can’t pass a stool after straining or pushing longer than 10 minutes. Passes stools infrequently. Pass stools every 3 days or longer. English

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English

Constipation (Age 6-21)

Can’t pass a stool or pain (crying) when passing a stool. Can’t pass a stool after straining or pushing longer than 10 minutes. Passes stools infrequently. Pass stools every 3 days or longer. English

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English

Constipation (Baby)

Can’t pass a stool or pain (crying) when passing a stool. Can’t pass a stool after straining or pushing longer than 10 minutes. Passes stools infrequently. Your child is less than 1 year old. English

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English

Contact Dermatitis - Allergic

Red itchy area of the skin from contact with an allergic substance English

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English

Contact Dermatitis - Irritant

Red area of the skin from contact with an irritant English

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Cough - Allergic

Cough caused by pollens or other allergic substances. English

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Cough - Symptom (Age 0-5)

A cough is the sound made when the cough reflex clears the lungs. It helps protect the lungs from infections. A coughing fit or spell is over 5 minutes of nonstop coughing. Coughs can be dry (no mucus) or wet (with mucus). English

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Cough - Symptom (Age 6-21)

A cough is the sound made when the cough reflex clears the lungs. It helps protect the lungs from infections. A coughing fit or spell is over 5 minutes of nonstop coughing. Coughs can be dry (no mucus) or wet (with mucus) English

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Cough - Viral (Age 0-5)

Viral infection of the lower airway (the bronchi) that go to the lungs. This is the most common cause of a cough in children. Medical names are viral bronchitis, lower respiratory infection, LRI English

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Cough - Viral (Age 6-21)

Viral infection of the lower airway (the bronchi) that go to the lungs. This is the most common cause of a cough in children. Medical names are viral bronchitis, lower respiratory infection, LRI English

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Coughs and Colds: Medicines or Home Remedies?

Every parent wants to help their child get over cough and cold symptoms. You could buy a non-prescription cough and cold medicine. Or you could turn to some home remedies. Which is better? English

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English

Cracked Skin (Feet)

Cracked skin on the toes or feet English

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Cracked Skin (Hands)

Cracked skin on the fingers or hand English

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Cradle Cap

A scaly rash on the scalp that starts in newborns. English

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Croup

Croup is an infection of the voicebox (larynx) caused by a virus. English

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Cuts and Scrapes

Cut or scrape injuries to the skin anywhere on the body English

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Diaper Rash

Any rash on the skin covered by a diaper. Diaper-wearing age group (birth to 3 years). English

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Diarrhea (Age 1-5)

Diarrhea is the sudden increase in the number and looseness of stools. Diarrhea means 2 or more watery stools. Reason: a few loose stools can be normal with changes in diet. Most diarrhea is caused by a viral infection of the intestines. English

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Diarrhea (Age 6-21)

Diarrhea is the sudden increase in the number and looseness of stools. Diarrhea means 2 or more watery stools. Reason: a few loose stools can be normal with changes in diet. Most diarrhea is caused by a viral infection of the intestines. English

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Diarrhea (Baby on Breastmilk)

Diarrhea is the sudden increase in the number and looseness of stools. Diarrhea means 2 or more watery or very loose stools. Reason: 1 loose stool can be normal with changes in diet. Most diarrhea is caused by a viral infection of the intestines. English

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Diarrhea (Baby on Formula)

Diarrhea is the sudden increase in the number and looseness of stools. Diarrhea means 2 or more watery or very loose stools. Reason: 1 loose stool can be normal with changes in diet. Most diarrhea is caused by a viral infection of the intestines. English

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Diarrhea on Antibiotics

Diarrhea begins while taking an antibiotic. Diarrhea means 2 or more watery or very loose stools. Reason: 1 loose stool can be normal. English

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Dizziness - From Dehydration

Dizziness is a sensation of light-headedness or feeling faint English

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Dizziness - From Sudden or Prolonged Standing

Diarrhea means 2 or more watery or very loose stools. Reason: 1 loose stool can be normal. English

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Dizziness - Symptom

Dizziness is a sensation of light-headedness or feeling faint English

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Drinking Fluids During Illness

Child drinks less than normal amounts of fluid during an illness English

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Dry Skin

The skin is dry and rough English

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Ear - Congestion

Ear Congestion is a stuffy or plugged up feeling in the ear. Crackling or popping noise in the ear. Hearing is often muffled English

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Ear - Swimmer's

An infection or irritation of the skin that lines the ear canal. Caused by lots of swimming or using cotton swabs.The medical name is otitis external. English

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Ear - Touching Habit (Normal)

A young child who touches, pulls, tugs, or pokes at the ear. No crying or report of ear pain English

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Ear Canal - Itchy

A child who itches the ear canal. No crying or report of ear pain. English

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Ear Fluid (Middle Ear Effusion)

The buildup of fluid in the middle ear (the space behind the eardrum). The space is normally filled with air. The presence of fluid dampens the hearing. English

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Ear Infection - Bacterial

A bacterial infection of the middle ear (the space behind the eardrum). English

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Ear Infection - Ruptured Eardrum

The eardrum has ruptured and cloudy fluid drains from the ear canal. Caused by a bacterial infection of the middle ear (the space behind the eardrum). English

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Ear Infection - Viral

A viral infection of the middle ear (the space behind the eardrum). English

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Ear Infections - Prevention

Advice about how to prevent recurrent ear infections. English

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Ear Injury

Injuries to the outer ear, ear canal or eardrum. English

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Ear Pierced (Healed) - Minor Infection

Minor pierced ear infection. More than 6 weeks since ear was pierced. Initial healing went well. New symptoms are localized redness, swelling and crusting just at earring site. Spreading redness is more serious and needs to be seen. English

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Ear Pierced (New) - Minor Infection

Minor pierced ear infection. Less than 6 weeks since ear was pierced. Symptoms are localized redness, swelling and crusting just at earring site. Spreading redness is more serious and needs to be seen English

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Ear Tube Surgery

Ear tubes are tiny plastic tubes that are placed across the eardrum. They are placed by an ear (ENT) surgeon. Also called ventilation tubes, tympanostomy tubes or PE tubes English

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Earache - From Air Travel

Ear pain that starts during air travel. Medical name is barotitis media or barotrauma. English

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Earache - Symptom

Pain in or around the ear (an earache). The older child complains about ear pain. Younger child acts like he did with last ear infection or cries a lot. English

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Earwax Buildup

Concerns about earwax (cerumen) buildup or blockage. Questions about earwax removal English

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Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Eczema is a chronic dry skin disease with recurrent flare-ups of severe itching.The rash is red and itchy. English

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Emergency Symptoms Not to Miss

A list of emergency symptoms that are seen in childhood. If your child develops one of these symptoms, you want to recognize it early on English

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Eye Allergy

An allergic reaction of the eyes. Main symptoms are itchy and watery eyes. Sometimes, the eyes can sting or burn. English

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Eye Foreign Body

A foreign body (FB) or object becomes stuck in the eye. English

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Eye Infection - Bacterial

Bacterial infection of the eye. Main symptom is lots of yellow or green discharge (pus) in the eye. English

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Eye Infection - Viral

A viral infection of the eye. The main symptom is a pink or red eye. English

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Eye Injury

Injuries to the eye, eyelid, and area around the eye. English

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Eye Irritation

Eye irritation from getting an irritating substance in the eye. The main symptom is a pink or red eye. English

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Eye Pink - Symptom

Red or pink color of the white of the eye. English

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Fever - Facts Versus Myths

Fever is a body temperature of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher. Fever is a symptom, not a disease. English

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Fever - How to Take the Temperature

Questions about how to take the temperature and when is it a fever. English

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Fever (Age 0-5)

Your child has a fever if: Rectal, Ear or Forehead temperature: 100.4° F (38.0° C) or higher. Oral or Mouth temperature: 100° F (37.8° C) or higher. English

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Fever (Age 6-21)

Your child has a fever if: Ear or Forehead temperature: 100.4° F (38.0° C) or higher. Oral or Mouth temperature: 100° F (37.8° C) or higher. English

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Fifth Disease

Fifth disease is a viral rash that starts with red cheeks. Then it spreads to the shoulders and upper thighs. English

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Finger Injury

Injuries to fingers English

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Fingernail Infection - Bacterial

Mild bacterial infection of the skin fold next to the fingernail English

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Fingernail Infection - Yeast

Mild chronic infection of the skin fold next to the fingernail. The medical name is chronic paronychia English

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Fire Ant Sting

Stung by a fire ant. Fire ant stings are more common in the Southern U.S. English

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Food Allergy

Allergic reaction to a food. English

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Food Poisoning

Rapid onset of vomiting and diarrhea after eating a bad food. English

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Foreskin Care Questions

Questions about caring for the normal uncircumcised penis in a baby boy. Includes questions about foreskin retraction. Smegma questions are covered. English

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Foreskin Infection

A bacterial infection of the space between the foreskin and head of the penis. The medical name is posthitis English

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Frequency-Urgency Syndrome

New onset of passing urine often while awake. This is called urinary frequency English

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Frostbite

Frostbite is a cold injury to the skin. The ears, nose, fingers, and toes are most often affected English

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Granuloma Annulare

Granuloma Annulare (GA) is a bumpy skin condition in the shape of a circle English

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Growing Pains

Growing pains are harmless pains that occur in the leg muscles. They are common and occur in 10 to 20% of children. They often start between ages 4 and 6. English

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Hair Loss - From Hair Twisting Habit

A nervous habit of twisting or pulling out the hair. The medical name for this is trichotillomania. English

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Hair Loss - From Severe Stress

Major thinning of the hair starting 3 months after a stressful event. The medical name for this type of hair loss is telogen effluvium. English

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Hair Loss - From Tight Hair Style

Broken hairs from tight braids or pony tails English

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Hand-Foot-And-Mouth Disease

Hand-Foot-And-Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a viral infection. Small red spots and tiny water blisters. Seen on the palms, fingers, soles and toes. The diagnosis cannot be made without these. English

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Head Injury

Injuries to the head. Includes the scalp, skull and brain English

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Headache - Migraine

Your child is having a migraine headache. It is like previous migraines English

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Headache - Muscle Tension

Pain or discomfort in the muscles of the scalp. This includes the forehead to the back of the head English

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Headache - Symptom

Pain or discomfort of the head. This includes the forehead to the back of the head English

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Heartburn

Pain or burning caused by irritation of the lower esophagus from stomach acid. The esophagus is the tube from mouth to stomach. Pain is located in the lower chest or upper belly. Also, called acid indigestion English

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Heat Rash

A fine pink rash caused by overheating. Mainly on the face, neck, chest, and upper back English

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Heat Reactions

Symptoms after being in high temperatures (such as heat waves). Symptoms after hard work or sports during hot weather. English

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Hernia - Inguinal

A hernia is a bulge in the groin or upper scrotum. The bulge contains a loop of intestine. It slides through a defect in the muscles of the lower abdomen. English

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Herpangina

A viral infection that causes little ulcers in the back of the mouth English

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Herpes Gingivostomatitis

A viral infection of the mouth and lips in young children English

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Hitting and Aggressive Behavior

Hitting is the most common type of aggressive behavior. Others include slapping, pinching, scratching, poking, hair-pulling, biting, kicking, shoving, and knocking down. English

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Hives

Hives is a rash made up of raised pink bumps with pale centers. Most often, rash is very itchy English

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Human Bite

Bite from a human child or teen. English

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Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Dosage Table

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Dosage Table English

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Impetigo - Infected Sores

Coin-shaped sores on the skin. Covered by scabs or crusts that are the color of honey English

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Incentives for Motivating Children

Incentives are rewards or prizes that are given for desired behaviors. The reward must be strongly desired by the child. You can ask your child for ideas. English

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Influenza Exposure

Exposure (Close Contact) to a person with influenza. Your child has NO symptoms of influenza (no fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose). English

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Influenza Seasonal (Age 0-5)

Your child has symptoms of influenza (flu). Flu is a viral infection. The nose, throat, and upper parts of the airway are involved. English

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Influenza Seasonal (Age 6-21)

Your child has symptoms of influenza (flu). Flu is a viral infection. The nose, throat, and upper parts of the airway are involved. English

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Insect Bite

Bite from an insect (bug). English

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Jaundiced Newborn

Jaundice means the skin has turned a yellow color. Bilirubin is the pigment that turns the skin yellow. English

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Jock Itch

Fungus infection and rash of the groin and inner, upper thighs. Jock itch is also called ringworm of the crotch English

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Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (Normal Loose Joints)

Children with this syndrome have loose joints. Movement at their joints are excessive. Joints can be stretched beyond the normal range. Affects over 10% of children. English

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Keratosis Pilaris

A chronic condition of dry, rough skin on the upper arms. Called Keratosis Pilaris (KP) English

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Labial Fusion

The labia minora (vaginal lips or folds) are stuck together. Also called labial adhesions English

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Laryngitis - Allergic

Allergic reaction of the voicebox (larynx) and vocal cords. English

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Laryngitis - Viral

Viral infection of the voicebox (larynx) and vocal cords. English

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Leg Injury

Injuries to the leg (hip to foot). Injuries to a bone, muscle, joint or ligament. Muscle pain caused by too much exercise or work is covered in Leg Pain. (This is called overuse.) English

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Leg Pain - Muscle Cramps

Leg muscle cramps from sports or hard work (muscle overuse). The pain is not caused by an injury. Also called muscle spasms or heat cramps. English

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Leg Pain - Muscle Strain

Leg muscle pain from hard work or sports (muscle overuse). Pain is not caused by an injury. Also called muscle overuse syndrome. English

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Leg Pain - Symptom

Pain in the legs. Includes hip, knee, ankle and toe joints. Includes minor muscle strain from hard work or sports (overuse). The pain is not caused by an injury. English

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Lice - Head

Head lice is a scalp infection with tiny gray bugs (lice). Lice lay many white eggs (nits) in the hair. English

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Lyme Disease

Lyme Disease is a bacterial infection spread from a deer tick bite. English

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Lymph Node - Normal

Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped lumps found under the skin. Also called lymph glands. English

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Lymph Node Infection - Bacterial

A bacterial infection of a lymph node. Main symptom is the sudden onset of one large painful node English

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Lymph Node Infection - Viral

A viral infection of lymph nodes. Main symptom is swollen nodes. English

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Measles Vaccine Rash

Mild pink rash that occurs 6-12 days after the measles shot English

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Medication - Giving Liquid Medicine to Cooperative Child

Techniques for giving liquid medicines to a child who cooperates English

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Medication - Giving Pills to Cooperative Child

Techniques for giving pills or capsules to a child who cooperates English

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Medication - Refusal to Take

Your child refuses to take a liquid medicine English

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Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum are small raised growths that have a smooth, waxy surface. Viral infection of the skin English

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Mono (Infectious Mononucleosis)

Mononucleosis (mono) is a viral infection of the lymph nodes. Main symptoms are sore throat and widespread swollen lymph nodes English

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Mosquito Bite

Bites from a mosquito cause itchy, red bumps. Often they look like a hive. English

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Motion Sickness

Symptoms triggered by a spinning, rocking or rolling motions. The main symptoms are dizziness and nausea English

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Mouth Injury

Injuries to the lips and mouth. Includes inner cheeks and the roof of the mouth (hard and soft palate) English

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Mouth Ulcers (Mouth Sores) - Symptom

Painful, shallow ulcers (sores) on the lining of the mouth. Found on the gums, inner lips, inner cheeks, or tongue English

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Neck Pain - Muscle Strain

Pain or discomfort in the back, side or front of the neck. Includes minor muscle strain from neck overuse English

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Newborn - Flying and Mountain Travel

Questions about flying or mountain travel with a newborn baby. English

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Newborn Appearance

Common questions asked about the normal newborn’s appearance and body English

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Newborn Birthmarks

Common questions asked about normal birthmarks in newborns. Note: Rashes such as baby acne are not covered here. English

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Newborn Illness - How To Recognize

How infections and other serious diseases can present in newborns English

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Newborn Rashes

Common questions asked about normal skin rashes in newborns. Note: Mongolian spots and birthmarks are not covered here. English

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Newborn Reflexes and Behaviors

Common questions asked about newborn noises, reflexes and behaviors. These are normal and not signs of illness. English

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Nose Allergy (Hay Fever)

An allergic reaction of the nose. Main symptoms are an itchy nose, clear discharge and sneezing. English

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Nose Injury

Injuries to the inside or outside of the nose. English

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Nosebleed

Bleeding from 1 or both nostrils. Not caused by an injury. English

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Oral Allergy Syndrome

A minor allergic reaction to some raw fruits and vegetables. Causes itching and swelling only to the lips and tongue English

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Overweight Older Child - Prevention and Treatment

Your child is gaining weight too fast or: Your child looks chubby or fat or: Your child doesn’t like sports because his weight makes it hard keep up or: Your child is getting teased about his weight. English

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Overweight Toddler - Preventing Over-Feeding and Over-Eating

Currently 10% of 2 to 5 year old children in the U.S. are overweight. The main cause is over-eating. Overeating means eating more calories daily than are needed for normal growth and activity. English

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Pacifiers

A pacifier is an artificial nipple for a baby to suck on. It can be used when they are not hungry. English

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Penis - Contact Dermatitis

Rash on the male genitals (penis or scrotum). English

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Perioral Food Rash

A rash around the mouth from contact with food. Mostly seen in babies and toddlers English

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Picky Eater

A picky eater refuses certain foods. He won’t try new foods. Vegetables and meats are the most common ones. You are not concerned about how much he eats or his appetite. English

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Pinworm Seen

A tiny, harmless worm that lives in the colon (large bowel). It causes itching of the anus. English

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Pityriasis Alba

Small pale spots on the face. Called Pityriasis Alba (PA) English

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Pityriasis Rosea

Pityriasis Rosea (PR) is a widespread skin rash. Special finding: a large "herald patch" that precedes the rash by 1 to 2 weeks English

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Pneumonia - Bacterial

A bacterial infection of the lungs. English

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Pneumonia - Viral

A viral infection of the lungs. English

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Poison Ivy - Oak - Sumac

A very itchy rash with blisters. Caused by contact with the poison ivy plant English

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Puncture Wound

The skin is punctured by a pointed narrow object (such as a needle). Puncture wounds that contain splinters or slivers are covered elsewhere. English

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Rash Localized - Cause Unknown

Rash or redness on one small part of the body (localized). Red or pink rash. Small spots or solid redness. English

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Rash Widespread - Cause Unknown

A pink rash that is all over the body (widespread). Small or large pink spots English

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Ringworm of the Body

Skin infection with 1 or more ring-shaped spots. Has a rough edge and clearing of the center English

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Ringworm of the Scalp

A fungus infection of the scalp. The medical name is Tinea capitis English

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Roseola

Roseola is widespread fine pink rash that’s caused by a specific virus. Classic feature is that the rash is preceded by 3 to 5 days of high fever. English

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Scabies

A very itchy rash caused by the scabies mite. A mite is a tiny, invisible bug that burrows under the skin English

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Scarlet Fever

Scarlet Fever is a speckled, red rash all over due to the Strep bacteria English

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School Avoidance

Healthy children who miss lots of school. They stay home because of vague physical symptoms. Also called school phobia. English

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Shingles (Zoster)

Shingles is a rash that looks like a stripe or band. It’s only on one side of the body English

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Sibling Rivalry Toward a Newborn

Sibling rivalry refers to the normal jealousy of young children toward a new brother or sister. The most common symptom is increased demands for attention. For example, the older child wants to be held and carried, especially when the mother is busy with the newborn. English

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Siblings Arguing

Most siblings argue and quarrel. They verbally fight over possessions, space on the sofa, time in the bathroom, or the last donut. On most days, siblings are friends and companions, rather than rivals. Some friction occurs in most close relationships. English

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Sinus Infection - Bacterial

A bacterial infection of one or more of the sinuses English

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Sinus Infection - Viral

A viral infection of the sinuses. A normal part of the common cold English

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Sinus Pain or Congestion - Symptom

Fullness, pressure or pain on the face over a sinus. Sinus pain occurs above the eyebrow, behind the eye, and under the cheekbone. English

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Sleep - Confusional Arousals

Confusional arousal is a partial wake-up in which children sit up in bed and talk, but usually don’t make much sense. They act confused and can’t be fully awakened. Peak age is 1 to 6 years. English

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Sleep - Early Morning Riser

Children who wake up early before their parents do, usually between 5 and 6 AM. They come out of their bedroom and want everyone to get up. Early morning risers are not waking early on purpose. They are no longer tired. They’ve been put to bed too early the night before. English

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Sleep - Nightmares

Nightmares are scary dreams that wake a child from sleep. Occasional bad dreams are normal at all ages. English

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Sleep Problem from Feeding Until Asleep

A baby over 6 months old who can’t sleep through the night (at least 7 straight hours). Wakes up and cries one or more times a night to be fed. English

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Sleep Problem from Holding Until Asleep

A baby over 6 months old who can’t sleep through the night (at least 7 straight hours). Wakes up and cries one or more times a night to be held. English

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Sleep Problems - Prevention

Good sleep habits don’t just happen. You need to have a plan. It’s far easier to prevent sleep problems than it is to treat them later. English

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Sleep Talking

Sleep talking is a partial wake-up in which children talk in their sleep. They act confused and can’t be fully awakened, but are usually calm. English

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Sleep Terrors

Sleep terrors are partial wake-ups in which children act terrified. They act confused and can’t be fully awakened. English

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Sleeping with Parents (Bed-Sharing) - How To End It

Your child sleeps with you during all or part of the night. You want to stop sharing your bed with your child English

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Sleeping with Parents (Bed-Sharing) - Pros and Cons

Sharing the bed with your child. Bed-sharing should be avoided during the first year of life. Reason: Safe sleep. English

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Sleepwalking

Sleepwalking is a partial wake-up in which children walk in their sleep. They act confused and can’t be fully awakened, but are usually calm. English

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Solid Foods (Baby Foods)

This topic deals with how to introduce solid (baby) foods to young infants. English

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Sore Throat - Symptom

Pain, discomfort or raw feeling of the throat. Pain is made worse when swallows English

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Spider Bite

Bite from a spider. English

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Spitting Up (Normal Reflux)

Spitting up (normal reflux) is 1 or 2 mouthfuls of breast milk or formula. Spitting up (normal reflux) occurs in most infants (50%). English

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Splinters (Slivers)

A foreign body (FB) is stuck in the skin. Some examples are a splinter of wood or sliver of glass English

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Spoiled Children - Prevention

A spoiled child insists on having his own way. If demanding doesn’t work, he escalates. He uses tantrums and whining to get his way. English

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Stools - Unusual Color

The stool color is strange or different. Normal stool colors are any shade of brown, tan, yellow or green. Colors that may be caused by a disease are red, black and white. Dark green may look like black, but dark green is a normal color. English

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Strep Exposure

Guidance on possible strep exposure. English

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Stubborn Toddler

Your child says No to many normal requests. Your child disagrees with many of your normal suggestions. Your child constantly tests your rules English

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Sty

A sty is a red lump or pimple on the edge of an eyelid. English

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Sunburn

Red or blistered skin from too much sun. The redness, pain and swelling starts at 4 hours English

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Sutured Wound Care

Common questions about sutures or stitches. Stapled wounds are treated the same as sutured wounds English

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Tear Duct - Blocked

The tear duct is blocked in 10% of newborns. The tear duct is the tube that carries tears from the eye to the nose English

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Teething

Teething is the normal process of new teeth working their way through the gums. Teeth come in between 6 and 24 months of age English

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Temper Tantrums

Tantrums are normal in toddlers. Tantrums may include whining, crying, screaming or yelling. It may also include pounding the floor, slamming a door, or breath-holding. Also called meltdowns or emotional outbursts. English

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Thin Body Type (Normal Slenderness)

Your child looks thin or slender. Their weight is more than 20% below the ideal weight for their height. However, your child is well-nourished, with a normal fat tissue layer (8–12 mm). This is measured by a skinfold calipers. English

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Throat Infection - Strep

A bacterial infection of the throat caused by Strep English

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Throat Infection - Viral

A viral infection of the throat English

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Thrush

Thrush is a yeast infection of the mouth in young babies. White patches in the front of the mouth are the hallmark English

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Tick Bite

A tick (small brown bug) is attached to the skin. A tick was removed from the skin. English

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Time-Out Technique

Time-out means putting a child in a boring place for a few minutes to correct a misbehavior. It’s the most effective consequence (discipline technique) for misbehavior in 2- to 5-year-old children. Every parent needs to know how to give a time-out. English

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Tinea Versicolor

Skin infection of teens and adults caused by a fungus. Tinea versicolor means "ringworm of many colors" English

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Toe Injury

Injuries to toes. English

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Toenail - Ingrown

The corner of the toenail grows into the skin around it. Almost always involves the big toe (great toe) English

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Toilet Readiness Training

Readiness training means preparing your child for later potty training. It increases his or her chances of success. English

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Toilet Training - How to Start

Your goal is to toilet train your child. Your child will be toilet trained when without reminders he can: Walk to the potty. Pull down his pants. English

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Toilet Training Resistance - Constipation from Stool Holding

A child who refuses to be toilet trained and passes stools into his underwear. The medical term is encopresis. English

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Toilet Training Resistance - Encopresis without Constipation

A child who refuses to be toilet trained. He passes stools into his underwear or pull-up. The medical term for this is encopresis. English

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Tongue - Geographic

Map-like red patches on the tongue. Cause not known English

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Tonsil Infection - Strep

A bacterial infection of the tonsils caused by Strep. Also called Strep tonsillitis English

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Tonsil Infection - Viral

A viral infection of the tonsils. Also called viral tonsillitis English

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Tooth Injury

Injury to a tooth English

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Toothache

Pain or discomfort in a tooth English

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Umbilical Cord - Bleeding

Bleeding occurs from cord’s point of separation. The navel is also called the belly button or umbilicus English

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Umbilical Cord - Cord Care

Questions about how to care for the normal umbilical cord or navel in newborns. The navel is also called the belly button or umbilicus. English

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Umbilical Cord - Delayed Separation Past 3 Weeks

Cord is still attached after 3 weeks. The navel is also called the belly button or umbilicus English

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Umbilical Cord - Minor Infection of Cord or Navel

Umbilicus (navel) has a cloudy discharge or even some dried pus on the surface. The navel is also called the belly button or umbilicus. English

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Umbilical Cord - Normal Navel Care After Cord Falls Off

Questions about how to care for the navel in newborns. The navel is also called the belly button or umbilicus. English

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Umbilical Granuloma

A small red growth found in the navel after the cord falls off. The navel is also called the belly button or umbilicus. English

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Umbilical Hernia

A bulge or swelling in the area of the umbilicus (navel or belly button). English

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (Female)

A bacterial infection of the bladder. Also called cystitis English

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (Male)

A bacterial infection of the bladder. Also called cystitis English

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Urination Pain - Symptom (Female)

Pain, burning or stinging when passing urine. Suspect pain if a young child starts to cry while passing urine English

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Urination Pain - Symptom (Male)

Pain, burning or stinging when passing urine. Suspect pain if a young child starts to cry while passing urine English

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Vaccine Concerns - You're Undecided

Vaccine Facts for Informed Decision-Making English

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Vaccine Reactions - Normal

A reaction to a recent immunization (vaccine) shot. Most reactions are at the injection site (such as pain, swelling, redness). English

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Vaccine Reactions - Specific Details

A reaction to a recent immunization (vaccine). Most reactions are at the shot site (such as pain, swelling, redness). English

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Vaccines - Infections They Prevent

Vaccines can protect your child from 16 severe infections. English

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Viral Rash

A pink rash that is all over the body. The rash is part of a viral illness. English

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Vomiting (Age 1-5)

Care advice on vomiting in children 1 to 5 years of age. English

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Vomiting (Age 6-21)

Care advice on vomiting in children 6 to 21 years of age. English

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Vomiting (Baby on Breastmilk)

Causes of and care advice on vomiting in breastfed babies. English

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Vomiting (Baby on Formula)

Causes of and care advice on vomiting in formula-fed babies. English

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Vulvitis from Soap

Irritation of the vulva (external genitals) from soap or other irritants. Mainly occurs in young girls before school age. English

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Wart - Plantar

A wart on the bottom of the foot (plantar surface). Viral infection of the skin. English

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Warts

Warts are small raised growths that have a rough surface. Viral infection of the skin. English

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Weaning From the Bottle - Before 12 Months

Weaning is the replacement of bottle feedings with drinking from a cup. It means an end to nipple feedings. Here are some tips to help. English

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Weaning From the Bottle - 12 Months or Older

You want to stop bottle feeding, but your child resists. Here are some tips to help. English

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Whining and Pestering

Whining is a verbal temper tantrum. Compared to screaming tantrums, it’s a step up the developmental ladder. Some examples of whining behavior are: A child who won’t take No for an answer. He keeps repeating his demand for something you’ve told him he can’t have or do. English

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Wound Infection

A break in the skin (a wound) shows signs of infection. Signs of infection include pus, spreading redness, increased pain or swelling, and fever. English

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Anxiety Attack

Sudden attacks of overwhelming, intense symptoms. Symptoms: fast, deep breathing (hyperventilation), fast heart rate and feeling dizzy. The body goes on total “red alert”. English

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Hiccups or Burps - Normal

Hiccups are repeated gulping sounds caused by sudden spasms of the diaphragm. Burping is the sound made by the sudden release of stomach air through the mouth. English

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Swimmer's Itch

An itchy harmless rash caused by tiny parasites in fresh water lakes. A less common rash can also occur in salt water (called clam digger’s itch). English

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Jellyfish Sting

Sting from a jellyfish. Jellyfish cause most of the stings that occur in sea water. The main symptoms are pain, burning and redness at the sting site. Red lines are common. English

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Menstrual Cramps

Cramps in the lower belly or pelvis. They start during the first 1 or 2 days of a girl’s period. Cramps only happen during menstrual bleeding. Report of cramps in the past are helpful. Cramps often don’t start until periods are present for over 1 year. English

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Scorpion Sting

Sting from a scorpion. Also suspect for new onset of local pain after a scorpion is seen in the area. The main symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness at the sting site. English

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Swallowed Harmless Substance

Your child swallowed an unusual but harmless substance. Your doctor told you it was harmless. It was not a solid object that could get caught in the throat or esophagus. It was not a poison, chemical or drug. English

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Wildfire Smoke Exposure

Wildfire smoke exposure, mainly from forest fires. The most common symptoms are coughing, a congested nose and watery eyes. English

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Mountain Sickness

Symptoms that occur with travel to a high altitude. Starts at 8,000 feet (2400 meters) above sea level or higher. Also called Altitude Sickness. English

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Swallowed Small Object

Small harmless solid object swallowed. Child has no symptoms. English

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Cast Care - Arm

A cast is a hard shell that completely covers a bone fracture. Also called a full cast. It keeps broken bones from moving until they heal. That also reduces pain. It also protects the injured part from any more injury. English

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Cast Care - Leg

A cast is a hard shell that completely covers a bone fracture. Also called a full cast. It keeps broken bones from moving until they heal. That also reduces pain. It also protects the injured part from any more injury. English

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Splint Care - Arm

A splint is a padded piece of fiberglass or plaster. Also called a half cast. It’s placed on only one side of an injured arm. The splint is held in place by an elastic wrap (bandage). English

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Splint Care - Leg

A splint is a padded piece of fiberglass or plaster. Also called a half cast. It’s placed on only one side of an injured leg. The splint is held in place by an elastic wrap (bandage). English

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Sacral Dimple - Normal

A dimple is a small pit or depression in the skin. Location: in the midline (center) of the lowest part of the back. It is near the tip of the tailbone. You can feel the tailbone under it. Hidden within the gluteal cleft ("butt crack"). Must separate the buttocks to see it. The dimple opening is very small, 5 mm or less across. English

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Soft Spot in Babies - Normal

The soft spot is a diamond shaped area on the top of the head. The medical name for this non-bony spot is the anterior fontanel. There’s another much smaller fontanel in back. It may be harder to find. English

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Nose Foreign Body Removal

Child put a foreign body (FB) in their nose. The child tells the parent or the parent see a strange object in child’s nose. Your doctor or nurse says it is safe to try to remove it at home. That’s only helpful for small, harmless objects. English

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Tailbone Injury

The most common injury is a bruised tailbone. The tailbone is the small bone at the lower end of the spine. Location: upper part of the groove between the buttocks. English

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Nausea - Symptom

A feeling that vomiting might occur and feeling “sick to the stomach” (queasy). Vomiting has not occurred. That symptom is covered in the Vomiting handout. Stomach pain is not present. That symptom is covered in the Abdominal Pain handout. English

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Straining and Grunting Baby - Normal

Grunting, straining and pushing to pass a stool. This is normal during the first 3 months. Babies are learning how to get the poop out. Doctors call this the grunting baby syndrome English

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Hot Tub Dermatitis

A painful or itchy rash caused by overgrowth of bacteria in hot tubs. Onset of rash: 8-48 hours after being in hot tub. Easy to diagnose based on a rash starting after being in a hot tub. Rash in others who shared the hot tub helps make the diagnosis. English

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Hoarse Voice - Symptom

A hoarse voice (or cry) is raspy and deeper than normal. If hoarseness is severe, the child can do little more than whisper. English

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Headache - Stress Related

Headaches often are caused by stress. Headaches occur when your child is worried about something or under pressure. These are often called “stress headaches.” English

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Heart Rate Fast - Normal Causes

Your child’s heart rate (HR) sometimes speeds up. It seems too fast. The medical name for this is tachycardia. Most of the time, your child’s HR seems normal. English

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Fainting - Prevention

Fainting is a sudden loss of consciousness and falling down. A return to being awake and alert happens within a minute or so. Also called passing out or blacking out. The medical name for fainting is syncope. This handout can help you prevent the most common types of fainting. English

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Breast Pain Before Periods

Breast pain and swelling during the week before menstrual periods. Normal in 10% of teens and 50% of adult women. English

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STI Prevention

STI stands for Sexually Transmitted Infection. STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Disease. It’s an older term and means the same thing. Some STIs cause serious complications. Do everything you can to prevent them. English

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School-Aged Children

10 Years: Safety for Your Child

10 Años: Seguridad para su hijo

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most major injuries if you and your child take a few simple steps. English Español

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5 Years: Safety for Your Child

5 Años: Seguridad para su hijo

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most major injuries! English Español

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6 Years: Safety for Your Child

6 Años: Seguridad para su hijo

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most major injuries! English Español

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8 Years: Safety for Your Child

8 Años: La seguridad de su hijo(a)

Did you know that injuries are the greatest threat to the life and health of your child? Injuries are the leading cause of death of school-aged children. Yet you can prevent most injuries! English Español

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English Español

Why Am I Having So Much Trouble With School?—ADHD Toolkit

It is very common to have difficulties in school if you have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). English Español

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Why Is My Child Having Trouble in School?—ADHD Toolkit

It is very common for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to have difficulties in school. These problems can occur for several reasons. English Español

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English Español

Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know

Dificultades de aprendizaje: lo que los padres deben saber (Learning Disabilities: What Parents Need to Know)

Your child will learn many things in life—how to listen, speak, read, write, and do math. Some skills may be harder to learn than others. If your child is trying his best to learn certain skills but is not able to keep up with his peers, it’s important to find out why. Your child may have a learning disability (also known as LD). If your child has an LD, the sooner you know, the sooner you can get your child help. Your child can succeed in school, work, and relationships. Read on for more information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about LDs. English Español

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Playground Safety

Seguridad en las áreas de recreo infantil (Playground Safety)

Each year, about 200,000 children get hurt on playground equipment with injuries serious enough to need treatment in the emergency department. About 15 children die each year from playground injuries. While many of these injuries happen on home equipment, most occur at school and public playgrounds. English Español

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Safe Bicycling Starts Early

Andar en bicicleta de manera segura comienza a una edad temprana (Safe Bicycling Starts Early)

When a child receives his or her first tricycle or bicycle, a lifelong pattern of vehicle operation is begun. A bike is not just a toy, but a vehicle that is a speedy means of transportation, subject to the same laws as motor vehicles. English

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Safety Tips for Home Playground Equipment

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School Health Centers and Your Child

Los centros escolares de salud y su hijo(a) (School Health Centers and Your Child)

School health centers are becoming more and more common. Most handle medical emergencies, provide health screenings and refer students to doctors for health problems. A growing number of these centers also offer health services such as immunizations and physical examinations. Therapies for children with special needs may also be available. English Español

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Students With Chronic Health Conditions: Guidance for Families, Schools, and Students

Estudiantes con problemas crónicos de salud: una guía para familias, escuelas y estudiantes (Students With Chronic Health Conditions: Guidance for Families, Schools, and Students)

School is more than a place to gain knowledge and skills. It also is a place where children meet new friends and learn about themselves and other important life lessons. Because children spend many hours in school, it is important that it be a safe and supportive environment for all children. English Español

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Talking With Your Young Child About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo pequeño (Talking With Your Young Child About Sex)

Some parents may not be comfortable talking with their children about sex and sexuality. However, if children aren’t getting the facts about sex and sexuality from their parents, they could be getting incorrect information from their friends or the media. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents talk with their children about sex and sexuality. English Español

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Water Safety for Your School-aged Child

Swimming and playing in water can give your child much pleasure and good exercise. But you must take steps to prevent your child from drowning. English

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Sexual Health And Sexuality

Talking About Sexuality for Parents of Teens With Autism Spectrum Disorder—Autism Toolkit

Cómo hablar sobre sexualidad - para padres de adolescentes con trastornos del espectro autista

All children and teens, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have questions about physical changes in their bodies, emotions, and feelings during and after puberty. It is important to help children and teens understand these changes by talking with them early and often about puberty and sexuality. English Español

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Child Sexual Abuse

Abuso sexual de niños (Child Sexual Abuse)

Sexual abuse of children is more common than most people think. About 1 out of 5 girls and 1 out of 10 boys will be sexually abused during their childhood. Parents can take steps to help prevent and recognize sexual abuse in children. English Español

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Deciding to Wait

Decidirse a esperar (Deciding to Wait)

No matter what you've heard, read, or seen, not everyone your age is having sex, including oral sex and intercourse. In fact, more than half of all teens choose to wait until they're older to have sex. If you have already had sex but are unsure if you should again, then wait before having sex again. English Español

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HIV and AIDS: What You Need to Know

Conozca datos concretos sobre el VIH y el SIDA

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure for HIV, early diagnosis and treatment are very effective at keeping people healthy. In addition, there are things you can do to prevent getting HIV. Read on to learn more about HIV and AIDS and how to keep you and your children healthy. English Español

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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Teens: Information for Parents

Adolescentes lesbianas, gais, bisexuales y transgénero (LGBT): Información para los padres

It is important for parents of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) teens to remember that each child is unique and will have their own experiences and feelings. “Coming out” is a lifelong journey of understanding, acknowledging, and sharing one’s gender identity or sexual orientation with others. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents support their teen’s journey. English Español

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Making Healthy Decisions About Sex

Cómo tomar decisiones saludables sobre el sexo(Making Healthy Decisions About Sex)

Before you decide to have sex or if you are already having sex, you need to know how to stay healthy. Even if you think you know everything you need to know about sex, take a few minutes and read on. Your doctor wants to make sure you know the facts. English Español

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Your First Pelvic Exam

Tu primer examen pélvico

Pelvic exams are an important way to take care of your health. You should get a pelvic exam if you have ever had sex (even one time) or are having any problems with your periods. English Español

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Puberty:Ready or Not Expect Some Big Changes

Pubertad: estén preparados o no, llegarán grandes cambios

Everyone goes through puberty but not always at the same time or in the same way. It is when your body starts changing from that of a child to that of an adult. In general, here’s what you can expect. English Español

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English Español

Talking With Your Teen About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo o hija adolescente

Children are exposed to sexual messages every day—on TV, on the Internet, in movies, in magazines, and in music. Sex in the media is so common that you might think that teens today already know all they need to about sex. They may even claim to know it all, so sex is something you just don't talk about. Unfortunately, only a small amount of what is seen in the media shows responsible sexual behavior or gives correct information. English Español

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English Español

Talking With Your Young Child About Sex

Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo pequeño (Talking With Your Young Child About Sex)

Some parents may not be comfortable talking with their children about sex and sexuality. However, if children aren’t getting the facts about sex and sexuality from their parents, they could be getting incorrect information from their friends or the media. Here is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics to help parents talk with their children about sex and sexuality. English Español

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English Español

Teen Dating Violence: Tips for Parents

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Skin - Localized Symptoms

Glued Wound Care

Information and guidance on how to care for a wound closed with a medical skin glue. English

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Skin - Widespread Symptoms

Chickenpox Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance on exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed chickenpox when child has no rash or other symptoms of chickenpox. English

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Measles Exposure - No Symptoms

Information and guidance on exposure (close contact) to a person with confirmed measles when child has no rash or other symptoms of measles. English

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Serum Sickness

Information and guidance on serum sickness. English

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Sleep Problems

Sleep - Day Night Reversal in Newborns

Information and guidance on when your baby wakes up more frequently during the night than during the day. English

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Sports And Fitness

Asthma and Exercise (Care of the Young Athlete)

Almost every child (and adult) with asthma can benefit from sports and physical activity. Also, asthma should not prevent young athletes from enjoying a full athletic career. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about asthma and exercise. English

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Ballet and Dance (Care of the Young Athlete)

Dance is an artistic, athletic, expressive, and social form of physical activity that appeals to a wide variety of individuals. The physical aspects of dance can be both a valuable source of exercise as well as a cause of injury. For young people who take dance classes, have formal training in dance, or perform as dancers, they typically do so in one of the following dance disciplines: ballet, jazz, modern, tap, hip hop, Irish, or lyrical. English

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Baseball and Softball (Care of the Young Athlete)

Baseball and softball are extremely popular among America's youth. Injuries are common because of the large number of athletes participating. While most injuries are acute, there are specific overuse injuries that commonly affect young ball players. Most of these injuries can be prevented. English

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Basketball and Volleyball (Care of the Young Athlete)

Acute and overuse injuries are common in jumping sports like basketball and volleyball. Acute injuries include bruises (contusions); cuts and scrapes (lacerations); ankle, knee, or finger sprains or fractures; shoulder dislocations; eye injuries; and concussions. Overuse injuries include patellar tendonitis (also called jumper's knee) or Osgood-Schlatter disease, spondylolysis (stress fracture of the spine), rotator cuff tendinopathy, stress fractures, and shin splints. English

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Biking (Care of the Young Athlete)

Biking is a fun way for children of all ages to get active and stay fit. Most children learn to ride a tricycle at around 3 years of age. Between 4 and 7 years of age most children learn to ride a bike. However, remember that each child is different and will learn to ride a bike at his or her own pace. English

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Burners and Stingers (Care of the Young Athlete)

Burners and stingers are intense pains that occur when the nerves that run from the neck to the arm are stretched or compressed. This typically occurs in contact or collision sports where the shoulder may be pushed backward or the head and neck is forcibly pushed to the side. Burners are most common in football players but are also common in those who participate in hockey, wrestling, lacrosse, and diving. The term burner will be used in this handout to refer to both burners and stingers. English

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Cheerleading (Care of the Young Athlete)

Cheerleading is often thought of as a sport only for high school and college athletes. However, it is becoming more popular among younger athletes as well. English

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Concussions (Care of the Young Athlete)

A concussion is any injury to the brain that disrupts normal brain function on a temporary or permanent basis. Concussions are typically caused by a blow or jolt to the head. English

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Core Exercises (Care of the Young Athlete)

Core exercises strengthen the muscles of the spine, abdomen, and pelvis. These muscles support all physical activity. English

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Diving (Care of the Young Athlete)

Competitive springboard and platform divers start training and competing at an early age. Many Olympic and world champions are 18 years of age and younger. English

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Encourage Your Child to Be Physically Active

Aliente a su hijo a estar físicamente activo: (Encourage Your Child to Be Physically Active)

Today's youth are less active and more overweight than any previous generation. English Español

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Exercise-Related Heat Illness (Care of the Young Athlete)

Exercise-related heat illness (ERHI) or "heat injury" happens when exercise is done in high temperature and high humidity. It's one type of injury, unlike sports injuries caused by contact, that can almost always be prevented with proper attention to safety and common sense. English

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Figure Skating (Care of the Young Athlete)

Figure skating is a lifelong sport that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. Competitive skating requires strength, flexibility, cardiovascular fitness, balance, jumping ability, artistic expression, mental strength, and financial resources. English

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Football (Care of the Young Athlete)

Football is a fast-paced, aggressive, contact team sport that is very popular among America's youth. Football programs exist for players as young as 6 years all the way through high school, college, and professional. English

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Get Fit, Stay Healthy

Ponte en forma, mantén tu salud (Get Fit, Stay Healthy)

Any type of regular physical activity can improve your fitness and your health—even walking, taking the stairs, or mowing the lawn. The most important thing is that you keep moving! English Español

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Golf (Care of the Young Athlete)

In the past, golf was seen by many as a leisure activity for people with extra time and money to spend. Today golf is seen as a sport, and one that appeals to younger participants. English

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Gymnastics (Care of the Young Athlete)

Gymnastics is a sport of flexibility and agility that includes 4 forms: artistic, rhythmic, acrobatic, and tumbling and trampoline. Each form has its unique physical demands and specific injury risks; however, all forms include jumping and back arching and rotating movements. English

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Horseback Riding (Care of the Young Athlete)

Horseback riding (equestrian) is a common activity in the United States; about 30 million people go horseback riding every year. Unlike other sports, the risk of injury is highest for the most inexperienced riders. As riders gain experience, they learn how to avoid injury as they learn to properly handle the horse. English

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How to Prevent Overuse Injuries (Care of the Young Athlete)

Over the past 20 years more children are participating in organized and recreational athletics. With so many young athletes playing sports, it's no wonder injuries are common. Half of all sports medicine injuries in children and teens are from overuse. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about overuse injuries and injury prevention tips. English

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Ice Hockey (Care of the Young Athlete)

Ice hockey is one of the fastest sports and requires good physical conditioning and skating skills. It is a team sport played from the ages of 5 to 6 years through adulthood. English

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Is Your Child Ready for Sports? (Care of the Young Athlete)

Sports readiness means that a child has the physical, mental, and social skills to meet the demands of the sport. While general guidelines can help you select a sport based on age, it's important to remember that children develop at different rates. Children are more likely to enjoy and succeed in sports when they have the physical, mental, and social skills required by the sport. English

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Lacrosse (Care of the Young Athlete)

Lacrosse is one of the fastest-growing sports in the United States. It's both a contact (boys) and noncontact (girls) sport. Injuries differ between the contact game of boys' lacrosse (body contact and stick checking allowed) and the noncontact game of girls' lacrosse. English

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Little League Elbow

Little League elbow is a common overuse injury associated with throwing. This injury is most common in pitchers but also occurs in catchers, infielders, and outfielders. English

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Martial Arts (Care of the Young Athlete)

More than 6 million children in the United States participate in martial arts. Martial arts are known to improve social skills, discipline, and respect in children. Children can also improve their abilities to concentrate and focus on activities, as well as bettering their motor skills and self-confidence. Martial arts can be fun and beneficial at any age. English

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Nutrition and Supplement Use (Care of the Young Athlete)

Young athletes often try special diets and supplements to improve their athletic performance. However, many of these products do not live up to their claims to increase strength, speed, and athletic skills. Athletes should focus instead on following the basics of proper hydration and nutrition. Both are crucial in supporting growth and athletic performance. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about proper nutrition and supplement use. English

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Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Care of the Young Athlete)

Osgood-Schlatter is a common condition in young athletes that refers to irritation of a growth plate at the knee. It typically occurs in active teens during their growth spurt and resolves after the bone stops growing. English

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Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Care of the Young Athlete)

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common causes of knee pain in young athletes. The condition is an overuse injury that results from activities that cause pressure or friction on the cartilage behind the kneecap. Patellofemoral pain syndrome occurs frequently in athletes who participate in sports that involve running, jumping, or squatting. English

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Performance-Enhancing Supplements (Care of the Young Athlete)

The most effective way young athletes can improve their sports performance is to pay close attention to the basics: fluids, calories, training, conditioning, and rest. Shortcuts, such as the use of performance-enhancing substances and supplements, are of little benefit and are potentially damaging to young athletes. English

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Physical Activity: Creating a FITT Plan (Care of the Young Athlete)

Physical activity is important for everyone in the family. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics summarizing the FITT method and includes general fitness tips and an activity log. English

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Physical Activity: Overcoming Obstacles (Care of the Young Athlete)

There are many benefits of regular physical activity; however, people often have many excuses for not being more physically active. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics encouraging families to consider all the benefits of being physically active and how to overcome some obstacles. Each family member can take a step toward becoming more physically active by filling out the physical activity plan. English

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Racquet Sports (Care of the Young Athlete)

Racquet sports (tennis, racquetball, squash, badminton, and paddle tennis) are sports of speed and agility and involve athletes of all ages. English

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Rowing (Care of the Young Athlete)

Rowing is a lifelong, year-round sport that requires dedication and intense training. Rowing on the water, an ergometer, and indoor water tanks along with weight training and running are integral parts of training. In high school and college this sport is also called crew. English

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Running (Care of the Young Athlete)

Running, as a sport, can involve a number of different forms, including the following: English

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Safe Weight Loss and Weight Gain (Care of the Young Athlete)

Many athletes actively seek changes in body weight in hopes of improving athletic performance. In some sports, such as wrestling, gymnastics, dancing, and running, athletes and coaches associate optimal performance with a relatively low body mass. In other sports, particularly contact and collision sports, such as football, increased body mass is often encouraged. English

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Sever's Disease (Care of the Young Athlete)

The calcaneal apophysis is a growth center where the Achilles tendon and the plantar fascia attach to the heel. It first appears in children aged 7 to 8 years. By ages 12 to 14 years the growth center matures and fuses to the heel bone. English

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Shin Pain and Athletes

Shin pain occurs most frequently in athletes involved in running, jumping, or high-impact sports. Shin pain can be caused by shin splints (also called medial tibial stress syndrome), a stress fracture of the tibia or fibula, or compartment syndrome. The most common source of shin pain in runners is shin splints. English

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Shoulder Impingement (Care of the Young Athlete)

Shoulder impingement is an overuse injury that causes achy pain on the front or side of the shoulder. The pain is felt most when the arm is overhead or extended to the side. Shoulder impingement also is called rotator cuff tendonitis, subacromial impingement, supraspinatus tendonitis, and shoulder bursitis. English

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Skateboarding and In-line Skating (Care of the Young Athlete)

Although skateboarding and in-line skating were once considered extreme sports, they are now both very common activities for children. Skateboarding and in-line skating involve street skating (using public areas such as sidewalks, steps, handrails, and curbs) or skate parks designed specifically for these sports. English

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Skiing and Snowboarding (Care of the Young Athlete)

As winter sports are gaining in popularity, young children are hitting the slopes to learn skiing and snowboarding. However, not every young child may be prepared for the experience. Your child's age, strength, and ability to cooperate are a few factors to consider. Qualified instructors can often help parents determine if their child is ready for these sports. Most resorts begin ski school at 4 years old. Although snowboards are made for children as young as 4 years, some resorts will not teach snowboarding to children younger than 7 years. English

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Skin Conditions and Sports Participation (Care of the Young Athlete)

Most skin conditions do not affect sports participation. As a general rule, young people with skin conditions should be allowed to participate in sports as long as there is no risk of blood or body fluid coming into contact with other athletes. Skin conditions that may affect participation can be divided into temporary and long-term conditions. English

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Soccer (Care of the Young Athlete)

Soccer (known as football outside the United States) is one of the most popular team sports in the world. Soccer also can be a way to encourage children to be physically active while they learn about teamwork and sportsmanship. English

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Sports and Your Child

Los deportes y su hijo(a) (Sports and Your Child)

Whether on a court, in a pool, on a field, or in a gym, more children than ever are competing in sports. Sports help boys and girls keep their bodies fit and feel good about themselves. However, there are some important issues that parents need to be aware of if their children participate in organized sports. English Español

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Sports Medicine Professionals (Care of the Young Athlete)

Athletes may deal with many different types of medical personnel after an injury. Athletes also may be referred by their primary care doctors to a sports medicine doctor or other sports medicine specialists for further evaluation and treatment. The following is information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about the most common sports medicine specialists. English

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Steroid Use: What Teens Need to Know

Los esteroides: Juega a lo seguro, juega limpio (Steroids: Play Safe, Play Fair)

You’re an athlete. You play to win. You’re always looking for a way to get an edge over your opponents. Steroids and performance enhancers aren’t the answer. The best athletes rely on practice and hard work. Here is information from your doctor to help you stay healthy. English Español

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Strength Training (Care of the Young Athlete)

Strength training (or resistance training) uses a resistance to increase an individual's ability to exert force. It involves the use of weight machines, free weights, bands or tubing, or the individual's own body weight. This is not the same as Olympic lifting, power lifting, or body building, which requires the use of ballistic movements and maximum lifts and is not recommended for children. English

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Stress Fractures (Care of the Young Athlete)

Stress fracture (also called a fatigue fracture) is a weakening or thin crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress on the bone. A stress fracture is an overuse injury. It is different from a fracture that occurs after a traumatic event, such as a fall. Stress fractures are more common in endurance athletes or athletes who perform repetitive, high-impact activities. English

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Swimming (Care of the Young Athlete)

Swimming is a sport in which there is a great diversity among participants. There are both recreational and competitive swimmers, ranging in age from preschool through college. English

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The Female Athlete Triad (Care of the Young Athlete)

Female athlete triad refers to the combination of 3 medical conditions—eating problems, menstrual problems, and weak bones—seen in competitive female athletes. Prevention of the female athlete triad is important because it can interfere with normal growth and development, cause injury, and result in loss of strength and endurance. English

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Treatment of Sports Injuries (Care of the Young Athlete)

There is often more than one way to effectively treat an injury. Treatment programs are always adjusted to meet the individual needs of the athlete and the unique requirements of the athlete's sport or activity. English

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Use of Ice and Heat (Care of the Young Athlete)

Ice and heat are often used in treating injuries. English

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Use of Medicines in Sports (Care of the Young Athlete)

The primary use of medicines in sports is to treat pain and inflammation. Athletes may also take medicines to treat specific medical conditions, such as asthma or diabetes, or to treat common illnesses, like colds, congestion, cough, allergies, diarrhea, and skin infections. English

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Water Polo (Care of the Young Athlete)

Water polo is an intense sport that requires athletes to tread water and swim for long periods. There is a version for younger athletes that allows them to stand in shallow water or hang onto the side of the pool, but this is illegal in competitive water polo. English

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When is an Athlete Ready to Return to Play? (Care of the Young Athlete)

One of the first questions an athlete will ask following injury or illness is, "When can I play again?" The answer is rarely quick or simple. English

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When to See a Doctor (Care of the Young Athlete)

A safe and speedy return to activity following a sports injury or an illness depends on early recognition and treatment. Knowing when to see your doctor is an important step in this process. English

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Wrestling (Care of the Young Athlete)

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about how to prevent wrestling injuries. Also included is an overview of common injuries. English

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Substance Abuse

Use of Psychostimulant Medication: Tips for Parents—ADHD Toolkit

Help your teen be responsible with medication. English Español

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Alcohol and Your Child: What Parents Need to Know

El alcohol: Su hijo y las drogas: (Alcohol and Your Child: What Parents Need to Know)

One of the most abused drugs in our society is alcohol. It's also a drug that many people start using at very young ages. Though it's illegal for people younger than 21 years to drink, many children are introduced to alcohol well before they reach that age. The earlier they begin using alcohol, the higher the risk they will have problems with it later in life. This publication by the American Academy of Pediatrics helps parents understand the dangers of alcohol and how to prevent alcohol use. English Español

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Drug Abuse Prevention Starts with Parents

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Marijuana Use: What Parents Need to Know

Marihuana: lo que los padres deben saber

Information from the American Academy of Pediatrics about marijuana use in children, including risks and how to prevent marijuana use English Español

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A Parent's Guide to Teen Parties

Guía para los padres sobre fiestas de adolescentes (A Parent's Guide to Teen Parties)

As a parent, you know the importance of your teen's social life and that parties are a way to socialize and relax. But an unsupervised or poorly planned party can result in unwanted or even tragic consequences. However, parental responsibility is the key to a fun and safe party. English Español

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Secondhand Smoke

Humo de segunda mano (Secondhand Smoke)

Even if you don't smoke, breathing in someone else's smoke can kill you. Secondhand smoke has about 4,000 chemicals in it. More than 50 of them cause cancer. English Español

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Steroid Use: What Teens Need to Know

Los esteroides: Juega a lo seguro, juega limpio (Steroids: Play Safe, Play Fair)

You’re an athlete. You play to win. You’re always looking for a way to get an edge over your opponents. Steroids and performance enhancers aren’t the answer. The best athletes rely on practice and hard work. Here is information from your doctor to help you stay healthy. English Español

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Home Drug Testing: What Parents Need to Know

Prueba casera de detección de drogas: lo que los padres deben saber (Home Drug Testing: What Parents Need to Know )

Remember that your teen’s doctor can help assess whether your teen has a drug problem and a laboratory test is not always needed. However, if a drug test is recommended, your teen should know about it. The American Academy of Pediatrics opposes drug tests without a teen’s knowledge and consent. English Español

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Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

Fumar y cigarrillos electrónicos: Lo que los padres deben saber sobre los riesgos del consumo de tabaco

Many people think that the only people harmed by tobacco use are smokers who have smoked for a long time. The fact is that tobacco use can be harmful to everyone. This includes unborn babies and people who don’t smoke. English Español

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Smoking and E-cigarettes: What Parents Need to Know About the Risks of Tobacco Use

El tabaco: Charla directa con los adolescentes (Tobacco: Straight Talk For Teens)

Did you know that about 80% of teens in the United States don't smoke? They've made a healthy choice. English Español

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Use of Psychostimulant Medication: Tips for Teens—ADHD Toolkit

Consumo de medicamentos psicoestimulantes: Consejos para adolescentes—ADHD Toolkit

Stimulant medications are defined as controlled substances under federal and state regulations. The possession of stimulant medication without a prescription is against the law English Español

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Well-Child Visits

Bright Futures Parent Handout: 1 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica de 1 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 12 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 12 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 15 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 15 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 15 to 17 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica de 15 hasta 17 años

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family. English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 18 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 18 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: First Week Visit (3 to 5 Days)

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita de la primera semana (entre 3 y 5 días)

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family. English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2 Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 2½ Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 2½ año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 3 Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 3 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 4 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 4 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 4 Year Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 4 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 5 and 6 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 5 y 6 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 6 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 6 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 7 and 8 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 7 y 8 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 9 and 10 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 9 y 10 año

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family. English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: 9 Month Visit

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica del 9 mes

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family English Español

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Bright Futures Parent Handout: Early Adolescent Visits (11-14 years)

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para los padres: Visita médica de 11 hasta 14 años

Here are some suggestions from Bright Futures experts that may be of value to your family. English Español

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Bright Futures Patient Handout: 15 to 17 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para el paciente: Visita médica de 15 hasta 17 años

English Español

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Bright Futures Patient Handout: 18 to 21 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para el paciente: Visita médica de 18 hasta 21 años

English Español

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Bright Futures Patient Handout: 7 and 8 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para el paciente: Visita médica del 7 y 8 año

English Español

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Bright Futures Patient Handout: 9 and 10 Year Visits

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para el paciente: Visita médica del 9 y 10 año

English Español

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Bright Futures Patient Handout: Early Adolescent Visits (11-14 years)

Hojas informativas de Bright Futures para el paciente: Visita médica de 11 hasta 14 años

English Español

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Resources are provided with permission by the American Academy of Pediatrics.